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part of the acid with ten to sixty parts of glycerine, oHve oil, or water, 

 phenyle, chinosol and sanitas are occasionally used, and are diluted according to 

 the purpose for which they are required. 



1007. Antispasmodics are remedies that relieve or prevent spasm or cramp of the 

 muscular fibres. The list of such agents is very great. Thos, used externally 

 are cold and hot applications, friction, massage, blood-letting, and any form 

 of counter-irritation. Those used intenially are spirits, laudanum, morphia, 

 chloral-hydrate, turpentine, camphor, etc. Hypodermic injections of morphia 

 and atropine are used, also inhalations of chloroform and Kther, and watery 

 vapours of essential oils, eucalyptus oil, camphor, &c. 



looS. Aperients [see Purgatives). 



loog x\romatics [see Carminatives). 



loio. Astringents check and arrest too abundant secretions, and cause the parts 

 to contract and condense. The materials used are the mineral and vegetable 

 acids, mineral salts, chalk, oak bark, alum, turpentine, and opium. 



ion. Antiperiodics are medicinal agents that prevent or lessen the active 

 symptoms of certain complaints, of a recurring or intermittent nature. For 

 these quinine, arsenic, iodine, and the bromides, answer best. 



1012. .Antipyretics {see Febrifuges). 



10:3. Blisters, Counter-irritants, Rubefacients, Vesicants.— These agents 

 differ very much in their action and intensity, according to the materials used. 

 They cause hea.t, pain,' redness and swelling of the part to which they are 

 applied, and thus relieve the pain, or the congestion and inflammation in the more 

 deep-33ated parts, and they also promote absorption of adjacent enlargements. 

 A number of substances are used as Connter-iryitants. From two to three 

 ounces of mustard mixed in one pint of cold water make a good simple counter- 

 irritant for the throat in eoinmnn cold, pharyngitis, and lanngitis. For 

 applying to the sides^ of the chest in bronchitis, pneumonia, etc , double the 

 strength of the above must be used. Blisters for horses and cattle are used in 

 the form of liquids and ointments, and o? these there are various preparations. 



1014. Carminatives, Aromaiics, Cordials, and Stomachics.-— These articles, like 

 antispasmodics are used to stimulate the stomach and intestinal canal into action, 

 also to condense gases and to expel flatus. The aromatic seeds and the essential 

 oils— as oil of mint— are used for this purpose. As a general cordial or stomachic, 

 the following mixture is useful : equal parts of ginger, gentian, caraway seeds, 

 aniseed, coriander seeds, and pimento; grind very fine and mix well together. 



2A 



