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io8i. Drenches, Draughts, Drinks. —When medicines are too bulky to give as a 

 ball, the ingredients are mixed together and suspended in cold or warm water, 

 thin gruel, warm ale or in linseed or castor oils, and given as a drench. The 

 majority of medicines are administered in this form, to cattle, sheep and pigs in 

 particular. In drenching a lioiSc', buckle the ends of a narrow leather strap 

 together in the form of a loop, put one portion into the mouth of the horse 

 behind the incisor teeth, the other part is then carried over the nose close up to 

 the eyes, through which put one of the prongs of a stable fork, to be held by an 

 assistant standing on the left or rear side. By raising the prong end of the fork the 

 head is elevated and the draught then administered by the aid of a special tin 

 drenching bottle, or a long necked glass bottle, the neck of the bottle being 

 inserted into the mouth on the off-side, and the contents of the bottle emptied 

 slowly and carefully into the mouth. The Cow is best drenched with the old- 

 fashioned drenching horn. Tfte head of the cow is steadied by an assistant 

 standing on the left side and taking a firm hold of the horns, while the operator, 

 standing on the cow's right side, passes his left arm round the forehead of the 

 animal and puts his fingers into her mouth on the left side, takes a firm hold of the 

 upper jaw, and with the right hand the open end of the drenching horn is inserted 

 into the mouth, the head elevated and the contents of the horn delivered to the 

 back part of the mouth. A bottle may be used instead of the horn The Pig is 

 best drenched by holding it by the ears, and inserting well into the mouth an 

 old strong soled or wood-soled shoe, with a small hole in the toe — see Plate LI., 

 Fig. 3. Hold the shoe firmly in the mouth and pour the draught down the 

 .inside of it. In drenching the Dog, tie the upper and lower jaws together with 

 a piece of tape, and with the fingers pull the cheek out behind the tape, and 

 with a long necked bottle — small as possible — pass the draught between the 

 cheek and back teeth. The pig can also be drenched by this method as well. 



1082. Electuaries are medical agents mixed up and made into a paste or mass, with 

 honey, treacle, jellies, &c., and used in cases of sore throat, or where it is 

 dangerous to administer balls or draughts. A piece of the mass is rubbed on 

 the upper surface of the tongue, or on the root of the mouth, three or four times 

 a day, when it is sucked in by the patient. It is thought by many to have a 

 soothing effect. 



1083. Enemas, Clysters, or Injections, are valuable agents, and are made with cold 

 or warm water, soap and water, tobacco infusion, solution of aloes, &c., 

 according to the purpose required. They are injected into the bowel by 

 the means of a large special syringe, or a funnel pipe (Plate LI., Fig. 4), 

 or by a funnel fixed on to a long or short flexible indiarubber tube, also by the 

 injection pump, or by an ordinary indiarubber enema syringe. Warm water 

 or warm water and glycerine are mostly used. 



