THE ADRENAL BODIES 



969 



medullary substances appearing in them in the form of isolated globular masses 

 along the course of the spinal nerves. A few separate chromaffine bodies, similar 

 to or identical with the medulla of the adrenal gland, are also found in almost all 

 the higher animals. 



Removal of the Adrenal Glands.— The function of the suprarenal 

 glands remained a matter of speculation until 1853, when Thomas 

 Addison called attention to the fact that the degeneration of these 

 bodies is associated with a disease 

 which has since been named after him. 

 It is almost invariably fatal and is 

 characterized by a progressive idio- 

 pathic anemia, digestive disorders, 

 diarrhea, muscular weakness, tremors, 

 convulsions, apathy, and a bronzing 

 of the skin. A few years later Brown- 

 S^quard^ showed that these symp- 

 toms also develop in animals after the 

 complete removal of the adrenals. 

 Death then results within two or 

 three days after the operation. These 

 results were proved to be correct by 

 Nothnagel,^ Tizzoni,3and others. In 

 addition, Btilling^ established the fact 

 that the extirpation of only one of 

 them does not prove fatal, but is 

 compensated for by an enlargement 

 of the opposite organ. The same 

 favorable results may be obtained by 

 leaving a piece of one organ in situ 

 or by transplanting it elsewhere in 

 the body. Subsequent to the unsuc- 

 cessful experiments of Canalis (1887) 

 and Imbort (1899), it was shown by 

 Haberer^and Stoerk^that these glands 

 may also be transplanted within the 

 substance of the kidney, but only if 

 their blood-supply is not interfered 







fefe*!' 



with. In like manner, BiedP suc- 



FiG. 508. — Vektical Section of 

 CoKTEx OF Suprarenal of Dog. Mag- 

 nified ABOUT 150 DIAMETERS. 



a, Fibrous capsule; b, zona glo- 

 merulosa; c, zona fasciculata; d, zona 

 reticularis. (Bohn and v. Davidoff.) 



ceeded in growing them outside the 



peritoneum. In all these cases, these transplants first exhibited an 



initial retrogression and necrosis which was followed after about five 



1 Compt. rend., 1857. 



2 Zeitschr. fur klin. Med., i, 1879, 77, and Allg. Med. Zeitschr., 1890. 



3 Ziegler's Beitrage, 1889. 



* Rev. mM., 1888, and Ziegler's Beitrage, 1905. 

 ^ Wiener, klin. Wochenschr., 1908. 

 6 Afchiv ftir klin. Chir., 1908. 

 ' Pfliiger's Archiv, Ixvii, 1897. 



