85 

 Cvperace.í:. 



Schoenus (from x""'tJS ^^ o-xoii'os, a cord in Greek). — From 

 plants of this kind cords or ropes were made. 



S. nigricans — Bog - rush. Gaehc : seimhean (Armstrong). 

 Irish: seunhin {seimh, smooth, shining — the spikelets being 

 smooth and shining ; or which is more likely, from siobh or 

 siob/iag, straw, — hence sio?nan, a rope made of straw or rushes ; 

 the Greek name crxoii/os for the same reason). 



Scirpus, sometimes written sirpus (Freund), seems to be 

 cognate with the Celtic cirs, cors, a bog-plant ; hence. Welsh, 

 corsfruyn, a bulrush (Gaelic, curcais). Many plants of this 

 genus were likewise formerly used for making ropes. (Cords, 

 Latin, chorda ; Welsh, cord ; Gaelic and Irish, corda ; Spanish, 

 ciierda, — all derived from cors.) 



S. maritimus — Sea-scirpus. Gaelic and Irish : b?-òb/i. Name 

 from bro. bra, or bràd/i, a quern, a hand-mill. The roots are 

 large and very nutritious for cattle, and in times of scarcity 

 were ground down in the ftiidleann bràdh (French, vioulin à 

 bras), to make meal ; bracan, broth, — hence bracha, malt, be- 

 cause prepared by manual labour (Greek, ^pa-x^v ; Latin, 

 brachium ; Gaelic, braic ; French, bras, the arm). 



S. caespitosus — Tufted scirpus, deer's hair, heath club-rush. 

 Gaelic : ciob, ape, and ciob cheann diibh {ctob = x')8os ; Latin, 

 cib/is, food ; ceanu, head ] dubh, black). 



" Le'n cridheacha' meara 

 Le bainne na doba. '— M'Intvre. 



This is the principal food of cattle and sheep in the Highlands 

 in March, and till the end of May. Cruach luachair, — cruach, a 

 heap, a pile, a hill, and luachair, a rush. 



The badge of the Clan M'Kenzie. 



S. lacustris — Bulrush, lake-scirpus. Gaelic : gobhal luachair, 

 the forked rush {gobhal, a fork), from the forked or branched 

 appearance of the cymes appearing from the top of tall, terete 

 (or nearly so), leafless stems. When this tall stem is cut, it 

 goes by the name of cuilc,^ a cane, and is used to bottom chairs. 

 Irish : gibiim, — gib or giob, rough, and aoin, a rush. Gaelic and 

 Irish, bog mhuine, boigeati, bog luachair, bog,^ a marsh, a fen, 

 swampy ground, to bob, to wag, — names indicating its habitat, 



^ "Mu lochan nan cuilc a tha ruadh." — Tighmora. 



2 Bog and bdlg are frequently interchanged : bolg luachair, prominent or 

 massy rush ; from bolg, gen. builg, comes bid in bulrush. 



