48 



THE GENESEE FARMER. 



i 



Thirty or forty trees mifjht be iiitroiluced in this way, 

 and leave a considerable amount of ppace for other 

 crops. IJotween the rows of trees there is a small path 

 two feet wide shown in the fiofiire, intended only for the 

 person who attends to the trees, and not as an ordi- 

 nary walk. It must not be treated as a walk, but 

 cultivated as any other portiiln of the jrronnd. For 

 the first three or four years a row of strawberries, or 

 some vetrctable crop, may be grown on each side of 

 these paths without inteVferino; with the trees. In 

 this case, eighteen inches only will answer just as 

 well as two feet. 



The Soil for such a garden as this should be 

 trenched to the depth of not less than two feet, and be 

 made of a suitable texture and richness by the use 

 of composts and manures, at the time of trenching. 

 As a general assortment of fruit trees are to be grown 

 upon it, the texture should be of that character which 

 experience teaches us is tolerably well adapted to all 

 species. This is a friable loam, between the sandy 

 and the c!a\'ey. The fences should be eight feet 

 jiigh, in order to render them suitable for the training 

 of the vines and apricots. 



Sklectiox of Fruits. — In regard to the trees, 

 we would select the pears on the quince, and of one 

 year's growth, because they are more easily moulded 

 into the desired forms. The cherries on mahaleb 

 stock, and certainly not more than one year's growth. 

 Apples on paradise, one or two years — one year old 

 cost less and are just as good. The plum, two 

 years old, on any good stock, if dwarfs cannot be 

 had. Those budded or grafted on the wild plum will 

 be more dwarf than on the horse plum, or such large 

 growing species. The peaches will bo better on 

 plum stocks, if the soil be somewhat stifi', and they 

 will also be more dwarf than on their own stock. 

 In either case they should be one year old only, and 

 should have stems not over two and a half feet high ; 

 the heads to be kept round and compact by annual 

 shortening of the young shoots. Apricots, one year 

 old, and on same stock as the peach, according to 

 soil. Quinces, two years old. Grapes, one or two 

 years old. 



Selection of Varieties. — This is an important 

 matter. Those that are best adapted to the stocks 

 recommended, and at the same time of the best quality, 

 and ripening at diSLrent seasons, should be selected. 

 For Western New York we would make such a selec- 

 tion as the following : 



['KAR-. — Summer — IJloodgood, Dearborn's Seedling, Bart- 

 Ictt. Autumn — Beurrc Did, White Doyenne, Duchess d' 

 Angouleme, Louise Bonne ile Jersey, Swan's Oriiigo. 

 Winter — Beiirre d'Arreinberg, Glout ftlorceaii. Vicar of 

 Winkfield, Kasler Benrre. If a very large and productive 

 cooking variety is preferred, llie I'ounti mitrlit l)e substituted 

 for the l^asler Beurre. These all succeed well on the quince, 

 are easily formed inlo beautiful pyramids, and are of the first 

 quality besides. 



Apples. — The largest, fairest and best varieties should be 

 chosen, and principally summer and autumn v.'irictios. l{ed 

 Astmciian, tjwcct Bough, Karly Harvest and Summer Rose, 

 for Summer. Alex:in<ler, (iravenstein, Hawthorude.ui, Haw- 

 ley, Fall I'ippin, Huchcss of Oldenburg, Dyer and St. Law- 

 rence, fur autumn. 



CiiKKKiKs. — May Duke, Belle de Choisey, Yellow lipan- 

 isli, nnd Belle Alagnifique. 



I'mms. — (Jreen Gage, Lawrence's Favorite, Washington 

 and Heine Claude de Brivny. 



i'KACHEs.— Karly York, Cole's Early Red, Crawford's F.ar- 

 .ly, Co.ilL-dije's Favorite, Haines' tariy, Red Check Mcloco- 

 toii. Old .Mixon Fr.-e, Snow, and Lemon Cling. 



Apiiicot>.— i:;irly (Jolden. Large Early, and Moorpark. 



(iRAPKs.— IJIack Cluster, Isnbclla, and Catawba, 



Qui.vcts.— Orange and rortiigal. 



CuRUAKTS. — Red Diitcli, White Grape, Cherry, iiiil \'ic- 

 toria. 



The cost of such a collection of trees can be read- 

 ily ascertained by referencetoany Nursery catalogue. 

 It need not exceed $25,00. 



MIXED PEAR ORCHARDS OF DWARF AND STAND- 

 ARD TREES. 



On this subject there has lately been a good many 

 inquires from various quarters ; we therefore copy 

 from the Horticulturist for January, the following 

 account of the beginning of an experiment of tins 

 sort by S. B. Parsons of Flushing, L. I,, the senior 

 partner of the well known nursery firm of Parsons 

 &iCo.: 



Thkre are few modes of culture that have made more 

 rapid progress in the United States, llian that of the pear 

 upon tiie quince stock. Ten years ago, these dwarf pears 

 were found in very few gardens, and then only as specimens 

 valualile for their novelty. They were even, until a very 

 few years since, esteemed tem|)orary in their chariiclcr, ami 

 were never planted in a permanent orchard. Wlii e this 

 opinion may be to a certain extent true, or rather while wo 

 have no evidence to controvert its truth, ami while tlie pear 

 on its own root must always have the preference in a per- 

 manent orchard, yet those on quince may always advantage- 

 ously have a place in every orchard, and may be pnilittitily 

 cultivated for market fruit. That this opinion is bccomtng 

 more prevalent, is evinced by the large sales of pears on 

 quince that are nsade annually, in various parts of the country. 

 To ensure success, they require very different treatment from 

 those on their own root, and as a few years experience may be 

 of value to some who are about planting, I will briefly relate 

 the course tiiat \ have pursued with satisfactory results. 



Sonic few years ago, becoming convinced that the profits 

 of the nursery business could not be relied upon, I decided, 

 with our friend Rivkrs, to cast out another anchor to wintl- 

 ward. I prepared at first only four acres, intending with 

 these to test the experiment, and then, if successful, to plant 

 my whole farm. 



Although much fruit lias not yet made its appearance, the 

 fruit buds promise me so abundant a crop anotiier year, as 

 almost to warrant me in planting to a very large extent. 



The field 1 selected was an old pasture ground, with light 

 loamy soil, but not inclining to sand, and a subsoil of hard- 

 pan. This I [ilanted with corn until the ground was well 

 mellowed, and then put upon it two sloop loiids, or 3,0UU 

 bushels of stable manure, worth on the ground, $175. 



The orchard was then planted with pears on their own 

 root, twenty feet apart. Between these were planted pears 

 on quince, ten feet apart, each row being thus ten feet apart, 

 and the trees in each ten feet. Each alternate row is thus 

 all pears on quince, or half on pear and half on quince, and 

 the whole orchard contains 1,7G0 pears, ],3J0 being on 

 quince, and JIO on their own root. By thus planting, I 

 think I gain a double advantage. Those on quince come in 

 bearing soon, and will produce a good crop while the others 

 are growing, and those on pear will undoubtedly be suf 

 ficiently large to produce a good crop, and e\en to occupy 

 the ground to the exclusion of the others, long before those 

 on quince will decay, if such decay ever should take place. 



Tears on <juince require high g.'irdcn culture, and it is my 

 practice to put upon this orchard two sloop loads of manure 

 every year. The first year after planting, the orchard was 

 cropped with corn, which I found to be itijurious to the trees. 

 I have since cropped with potatoes and sugar beets, alter- 

 nately, and with good management, the crop of these can bo 

 made to pay for the mantirc, and sometimes for the labor. 

 With the exception of a single row, all those on their own root 

 are of one variety, the Lnwretire. This variety originated on 

 Long Island, is hardy, an early and abundant bearer, and a 

 good prower. The fruit of medium size, nearly equal to the 

 Virgalieu (Doyenne) in llavor, is in eating from mid-autumn 

 to mid-winter, and will keep and ripen in a barrel, like apples. 

 It.s uniform price in the market in autumn, ia five dollars per 

 busliel, anil at Its latest period of maturity, when no other 

 pears can lie found in market, it would probably bring ten 

 to lifteen dollars |)er bushel. 



Of the varieties on quince, I have only planted six. — 

 Gloui Morcenu. Vicar of Winkfield, I^nuise Bouiie lie Jersey, 

 Winter Nelis, Lawrence, and lleurre d' Aremberg. With the 



