1851. 



THE GENESEE FARMER. 



49 



two latter the orchard is not quite finished, owing 

 to the difficulty in obtaining them. It is always 

 quite as uncertain to form an estimate of a crop 

 of fruit, as it is for our Boston friends to ealcid ue 

 the amount of money they can make from the Oli) 

 chickens hatched from the 260 eggs, laid accord- 

 ing to guarantee, in 276 successive days, by the 

 pure white Shanghae hen, which may have cost 

 fifty dollars. But after making all reasonable al 

 lowances, and finding to-day, upon some of my 

 Vicar of VVinkfield trees planted in the spring of 

 1849, from fifty to seventy-five fruit buds each, 

 I shall be somewhat disappointed if those on 

 quince, in the fifth year from plantuig, should 

 not produce one dollar per tree. The same re- 

 sult I hope to obtain from those planted on tiieir 

 own root, in the tenth year, after miking all 

 reasonable deductions from loss by blight. It 

 will not be safe to estimate that the crop between 

 the trees will always pay the expense of cultiva- 

 tion. With good management, it may do so the 

 first few years ; but as the trees grow, the roots 

 will gradually occupy the space between them, 

 when no crop can be grown, although high ma- 

 nuring will still be required. 



There may be, and we know in the experieuco 

 of some there have been, obstacles in the culti- 

 vation of this fruit, which have not yet obstructed 

 the advancement of my trees, and it may not be safe for all 

 to estijnate according to the preceeding statements. Such, 

 however, are the results of my experience ; and while it 

 may be expedient to make large allowances for difficulties 

 which may hereafter present themselves, I cannot doubt, 

 that with the present almost entire destitution of good pears, 

 in all the markets, and the facilities of transporting them to 

 England, I should be fully justified in planting much more 

 largely than I have yet done. 



ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



Grafting the English Walnut. — (J. D. A., Washington 

 Co , Ohio.) It can be grafted on either the black walnut or 

 butternut. Take the scions from the lower end of the shoots, 

 next the old wood, where there is least pith. Cut the scions 

 early, and graft before the stocks begin to grow. Bud roses 

 like any other trees, from June to September. Graft in the 

 cleft manner in the spring, using firm, well ripened shoots 

 for scions. 



Hardy Pears. — (J. C. Brayton, Aztalan, Wisconsin.) 

 Bloodgood, Summer Francreal. Buffam, ig^urre Diel, Gan- 

 sel's Bergamot, Dix, Flemish Beauty, Fulton, Seckel, 

 White Doyenne, Swan's Orange, Oswego Beurre, Glout 

 Morceau, Princess St. Germain, Vicar of Winkfield, Winter 

 Nelis, and Pound. Wo do not know the Perry Russet apple. 

 (George F. Cook, Lake Co., Ohio.) The blossoms of 

 your grape maybe killed by frost, or there may be some defi- 

 ciency in the soil. We could answer more coj-rectly if we 

 knew the varieties. Give the one that does not bear a dress- 

 ing of wood ashes, say a half peck, spaded or forked in 

 around the roots. 



(I. C. B., Groton, N. Y.) Peach stones should be frozen. 

 Walnuts should be kept in moist sandy earth. Plant the nuts 

 in spring, three or four inches apart in drills, and two or three 

 inches deep. Next season, transplant into rows two or three 

 feet apart, and eighteen inches apart in the rows. In two or 

 three years they will be fit for final planting. 



(Dr. P., Saginaw City.) There is no English translation 

 of the Bun Jardenier. [t can be had in French through the 

 New York importers. The flower seeds can all be obtained 

 of leading seedsmen of Boston and New York. A catalogue 

 has been forwarded. 



(Faithful Reader.) We would advise you to procure 

 Downing's Thomas' or Cole's fruit books, they will give 

 you all the information you desire. Most of the subjects 

 have been treated of in the back volumes of the Farmer. 

 Prune and cut scions now, and graft in April. 



(C. J. C, Painted Post, N. Y.) The " bug" you mention 

 we presume is the black slug, very common here, " destroy- 

 ing the leaves of cherry, pear, and other trees, during the 

 month of June. Sprinkle the trees on which you may find 

 them, with lime or ashes, and you will find it effectual. 



(J. S., Chemung county, N. Y. ) Your trees will not in- 

 jure in the least, if the roots are covered with earth. You 

 can plant them in the spring as soon as the ground is in order. 



DUTCH MIGNONE ^FPLE 



This proves with us a superb and excellent apple 

 For two or- three years past, we have gathered crops 

 from a specimen tree, that rival in size, beauty and 

 excellence, the best of all the varieties we cultivate. 

 Mr. DowNi.xG says, truly, "that it is one of the great- 

 est acquisitions we have received from abroad." The 

 tree is very viororons and productive, and the fruit 

 always fair and fine. Size, large — three to three and 

 a half inches in diameter, on an average. P^orm, 

 round and regular. Color, a golden yeUo^^'? quite 

 covered with a deep red and mottled in the shade — in 

 some spots, and especially around the stem, slightly 

 russetted. Stalk half an inch long. Calyx, open in 

 a broad regular basin. Flesh, white : firm at first, 

 like the Ribsion Pippin, but becoming tender as it 

 approaches full maturity ; juicy, rich and high fla- 

 vored. It is an excellent sort for the garden, as a 

 dwarf. It is now, January 15th, in perfection, bat 

 will keep till March. 



PREMATURE DECAY OF APPLES, Sec. 



Mr. Barrt : — T would beg to state that last season I rawed about 

 fifteen bu.shels of the Green Newtown Pippin. I took them off care- 

 fully by hand, on the 15th of October, and packed them i(j bar- 

 rela, some of which had contained salt. The apples have become 

 dry and cracked in two, (especially the largest,) and the skin of 

 many of them is black and decayed, and the flavor quite inferior. 

 Whether the cellar is too warm, or whether they M'cre gath red 

 too early, or what the reason is. I know not. I feel some disap- 

 pointed. I have seventeen trees of this variety, and these were 

 the first of their beari ig. I would say that this is a higMy esteem- 

 ed fruit in this pari; of the country, and bears early and abund- 

 antly, when the trees are properly attended to. The soil ir well 

 adapted to such fruit. 



I expect I shall have the Northern Spy bear next seasoi, I h.ive 

 fifteen trees of it If it is equal to the Green Pippin, 1 Bb.ill think 

 it a valuable acquisition. All my knowledge of fruit-raising has 

 been derived from the pages of the Genesee Farmer I would just 

 ask a little more, on the best method of keeping fruit, especially 

 apples. Whether they should be laid on the cellar floor, covered, 

 or not, or any simple mode you deem be.st, and at what tempera- 

 ture they will keep best. I have about one hunred trees, of near 

 twenty-five varieties. A correct kaowledge of this is somewhat 

 necessary. James Sharp. — Dumfries, C. Jf'., Jan. 1851. 



It is difficult to say what the cause of the prema- 

 ture decay of the fruit can be. There is some doub' 

 of their being the JYeivtowti Pippin. The best way 

 to keep apples, is in clean barrels headed up, in i. 

 rfr?/, cool cellar. The lower the temperature tft- 

 bettcr, provided frost be excluded. 



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