THE GENESEE FARMER. 



Sept. 



mon clay land when the depth does not exceed three 

 feet, between 6 and 7,000 feet will be completed 

 with four horses in the common working day ; but 

 when tlie depth exceeds three feet, from two to three 

 horses will not do more than half that quantity. — 

 Whore it is possible, this drainiiTg' would be much 

 more cheaply done in the summer, as twice the 

 quantity of Avork may be done by having two teams 

 of horses out, and the other expenses would not be 

 increased in proportion." 



PATENT lEVER HORSE RAKE. 



4th. The Patent Lever Horse Rake. — A prize 

 medal was awarded to this implement also. It 

 strikes me as superior to anything in the way of 

 horse rakes that I have seen. The frame and teeth 

 are wholly made of wrought iron. The teeth work 

 independently of one another, and consequently 

 adapt themselves to all inequalities on the surface of 

 the ground. By means of a pull down lever, which 

 a small boy can manage, the load is emptied. Price 

 $35 to $40. There are rakes for hand power, on 

 the same principle. 



6th. Patent Suhsoil Plow with four tvheels. — Of 

 Bubsoil plows I observed a great variety. None of 

 them presented great advantages over those of Rug- 

 gles, Nourse, and Mason, which we use, save this of 

 Howard's with four wheels. 



It seems to me that these wheels must very much 

 reduce the friction and render the draught lighter. — 

 It has obtained many prizes, and those who have 

 used it speak well of it. This implement is one of 

 great importance to us in America, and it is our in- 

 terest to adopt any modification that can be consid- 

 ered an improvement. 



PATENT FOUR-WHEEIiED BUB-SOIL PLOW. 



The Messrs. Howard speak of this plow as follows : 



"The Patent Subsoil Pulverizer is a most simple 



and elective implement for breaking up the hard 



close earth below the furrow, which has been ren- 



dered almost impervious to water by the trampling 

 of the horses w^lien at plow. Being mo\mtcd upon 

 four wheels, which run in the furrow made by the 

 common plow, there is no friction on the sole as in 

 other subsoil plows, consequently the power required 

 in subsoiling is materially reduced. 



The improvements made by J. &. F. II., in this 

 important implcmennt consists in the application of 

 a solid iron beam and handles, allowing the wheels 

 to run nearer each other, consequently it does not 

 require so wide a furrow to work in ; the. 

 beam is also cranked so as to elevate the head 

 of the plow, through which the implement 

 will perform harder work ; it is also furnished 

 with a draught chain which removes all 

 strain from the beam. 



The head can be adjusted so that two 

 horses can be worked in the furrow and one 

 upon the land. 



This implement is found most valuable in 

 hoeing or plowing between the rows of root 

 and other crops, as it will stir the soil to a 

 greater depth than a horse-hoe which is often 

 desirable after heavy rains. It may be fitted 

 with a frame to which two extra shares may 

 be attached, making it a perfect horse-hoe. 



It will also be found useful in draining 

 operations upon friable soil ; after a furrow 

 has been taken out by the common plow, this will so 

 pulverize the sub-soil, that it may be removed by a 

 shovel. Price, £5 10s. ; if with wood beam and 

 handles, £5." 



The Plow. — After all, this is the implement on 

 which more has been said and written, and which 

 at this moment calls out more discussion than any 

 other. I have scarcely found two implement mak- 

 ers in the Exhibition, nor two practical farmers who 

 ag-ee upon the same model. Every Scotch agricul- 

 turist! had an opportunity of conversing with seemed 

 convinced that the plow he used at home was supe- 

 rior to any in the Crystal Palace. No other imple-_ 

 ment presented so great and interesting a varietj', 

 for almost every nation presented specimens of their 

 plows, and could trace its history from the rudest 

 apolog)', composed of two or three rough sticks 

 coarsely put together, as in the India department, up 

 to the latest eflbrt of English skill, which we are 

 bound to acknowledge as the most refined instrument 

 of the kind in the world. The annexed figure is 

 one of Howard's prize plows, on the whole the best 

 adapted, I believe, to general purposes of any in the 



exhibition. It con- 

 trasts strongly with 

 ours. Its great length 

 gives its stability. — 

 The long and gradu- 

 ally spreading mould- 

 board turns the furrow 

 without breaking it. — 

 The two wheels seem 

 to reduce the friction 

 and secure greater uni- 

 formity in the width 

 of the furrow. Great 

 attention is properly 

 given to the wearing 

 parts, not only in material but in arrongement, so as 

 to render them durable and easily changed or repluccd. 

 The softness of most of our plowshares causes them 

 to wear out rapidly. Last spring we wore out a 



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