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THE GENESEE FARMER. 



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21. Legs somewhat short and squarely placed. 



23. Fore-legs above the knee-joint broad, Avitli swelling mnscles, and fine below the knees. 



23. Color distinct, rich without a shade of blue or black. 



24. Horns moderate in size, not thick at the roots, soft-looking, grisky, /. e., not polished 

 looking. 



25. Hoofs round, and moderate in size. 



26. General appearance gay, and docile looking. 



SHORT-HORNED COW. 



The cow and heifer should present a somewhat different f(5rm from that of the bull, being 

 more tlminine aud less robust in the development of the Joints and muscles. In the females 

 of all animals, there is a greater tendency to deposit fatty matter between the muscles, and 

 also more inmiediately under the skin — this gives a greater roundness and compactness of 

 form. The pelvis and hind quarters should be more fully developed than in the male, and the 

 point called the stifle joint should be more out to allow room for the development of the 

 foetus. The cow, unlike the bull, should stand rather higher behind than before; and shoiild 

 also pre^sent a more rounded and broader appearance, particularly behind the chest, than the 

 bull. It is important to observe that the cow is properly formed here, as there is no other 

 aniinal, with the exception, perhaps, of the human species, with which there are more casu- 

 alties during the progress of gestation and parturition ; abortion being the most common, aud 

 the most serious of all the accidents that animal is sul)joct to, as a breeding animal. 



The power of secreting milk, and also of laying on fat and flesh, is dependant, to a considera- 

 ble degree, on the development of the vascular system, and the common way of examining a milk 

 cow by feeling what is termed the milk veins, viz., those which pa>ss along the belly before the 

 udder, is a certain sign of this. The udder should be handsome, large, well formed on the belly; 

 the teats evenly placed, and moderate in size ; but as the property of giving milk is not one 

 for which the Short-horn is esteemed, the udder should not be overlarge, as it requires to be 

 in the Ayrshire, or other dairy breeds. The tail should be rather longer than in the niale, 

 and tapering towards the point. The eye should be large, soft, and expressive of docility. 

 The head should be fine, tapering towards tlie muzzle, and the neck should be less muscular 

 than in the male. The horn smaller and more turned in or upward than in the bull. The 

 cow sliould present a more deep, rovuided, and pimchy form than the male. The parts termed 

 points sliould be more distinctly marked than in tiie male. The point of the hook bone should 

 be raised, and present to the eye an oj)enness in the bony structure. On each side of the tail, 

 flank, and ])oiiit before the shoulder, tliere should be (]e|iosits of fatty matter, corresponding 

 to tlie state of condition in which the aninud is at the time. Also the fat on the short rihs, 

 and along the back, siiould be somewhat less uniform and more in |)atehes than in the male. 

 This grand distinction, which we have alivady alluded to, of the fat.in the female being more 

 on the surface than in the male, is aiipari-iilly not well understood by judges, as it is not 

 unconnnon to see a cow ])laced iirst, with some of the points which should distinguish the 

 male ; and, again, the bull well forward in the list witli some of the points which should 



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