characterize the cow or stot. Another distinction we deem of the greatest importance, viz., 

 that the ball should have all the masculineness which belongs to his sex, while the cow and 

 heifer should have all the feminineness of the female, and none of the peculiar or masculine 

 appearance of the bull. 



The preceding outline of a three year old Short-horn cow gives a fair representation of one 

 made up for exliibition. The points are marked nearly the same aa in tlie bull. The point p 

 is one of greater importance in the cow and heifer than in the bull. The distance between the 

 hooks r, 5", should correspond to the distance r, u — tins will vary from 2 ft. to 2 ft. 8 in. 

 The breadth between the forelegs, with the swelling out of the brisket, are fully brought out 

 in the cut — this, with the depth, width, and roominess of the hind-quarters, is essential with 

 perfection of the cow. 



The following are the points of perfection arranged in the order we consider the most 

 essential. In the cow we reverse the order of the pedigree with that of the bull, placing the 

 pedigree of the bull first, as we think we are justified, from close and studied observation, in 

 believing that the produce of the female partakes more of the qualities of her sire than of the 

 female, or the sire or dam of the male ; that is, the produce of a female wiU be more like the 

 sire of that female, thau either the dam or sire of the male, or the parents themselves. Even, 

 independently of this, the influence of the dam on the character of the progeny we hold to 

 be greater than that of the sire ; this being, however, subject to certain influences, upon 

 which we cannot enter at present. ^ 



1. Pedigree on male side. 



2. Pedigree on the female side. 



3. Eye full, placid, and intelligent looking. 



4. Head fine, tapering towards the muzzle ; nostrils large, with the orange tint round the 

 muzzle and eyes, and in the inside of the ears. 



5. Touch soft, elastic, yielding to the touch as if the skin covered a fatty fluid between the 

 muscles and skin. 



6. Chest deep, well arched, and circular. ' 



7. Hooks broad, raised, and open-looking at the points. 



8. Quarters long, wide, and fully developed down towards the stifle and hock joints. 



9. Neck well set, straiglit, somewhat long, fine, without any appearance of coarseness. 



10. Cheek small and clean. 



11. Tliroat clean and well developed. 



12. The points of the bone projections more or less covered with fatty matter, correspond- 

 ing to the state of the condition of the animal. 



18. Back broad, straight from the top of the neck to the setting on of the tail, and the tail 

 at right angles to the back. 



14. Shoulders sliort, light, and clothed with muscles and fat, the shoulders widely set at 

 the poiirts. 



15. Point », behind the shoulders, full, and in line with the shoulders and back. If so, the 

 whole back will be correspondingly clothed with flesh. 



16. Barrel hooped, arched and moderately deep in the cow, rather light in the heifer. 



17. Well-ribbed home, space moderate between the last rib and hock. 



18. Hair thick, furry, fine and silky. 



19. Udder, in the cow, moderate in size. In a line with the belly, and well up behind. 

 Teats medium size and properly placed. In the heifer the udder loose behind, and developed 

 before, corresponding to condition. 



20. Legs squarely placed, with full knee and hock joints broad and muscular above, and 

 moderately broad below the hooks and knees. 



21. Horns smooth, not too thick at the base, white or tipped with light brown, correspond- 

 ing to color of the skin. 



22. Ears moderately long, oval shaped, clothed with silky hair in the inside. 



23. Color rich, dark or light roan, white and red, or white. Dark small spots on a white 

 skin is particularly objectionable, especially when the hair is white and the spots dark. 



24. Tail well set on, thin towards the point, long, down to near the hock joints. 



25. Feet sound, moderate in size, and round in shape. 



2G. General appearance lively, gay, docile, and stylkh looking. 



27. Growth moderate. In young animals if over-large, there will be tendency to coarseness. 



We have endeavored to be as distinct and minute as space would permit in the description 

 of the properties of the Short-horns. Those who, with the aid of the cuts, may find difliculty 

 in fully understanding the description given, would be greatly assisted by going over the 

 points with a live animal, even of any broed — if a high bred Short-horn, of course more of 

 the points wiU be observed. 



