THE GENESEE FARMER. 



latter will be three times as large in proportion as the former. When the spongy trees 

 are removed from the sheltered position they occupy in the nursery rows, they are unable 

 to resist the action of the elements. The roots are like the stem and branches — soft 

 and spongy, with large, resistless sap-vesse!s that shrink and shrivel and perish under 

 circumstances that would not aftect the firm, compact, and well ripened tree. 



Planters owe it to themselves to encourage a sound, honest system of cultivation by 

 giving preference to hardy, well-grown trees, instead of large ones, and thus offering a 

 premium to a spurious hot-bed system, ruinous to the planting interest. Trees for suc- 

 cessful phmting should be grown on a dry soil of moderate fertility — not too closely 

 together, well exposed to the sun and air in all stages of their growth, and the soil 

 should be kept clean and pliable about the roots to admit of their vigorous and healthy 

 growth, and of their easy and safe removal. 



OoTOBEE is one of the most active months in the year with the gardener, orchardist, and 

 nurseryman. A multitude of labors demand simultaneous attention, and it requires the 

 m'^st untiring energy and industry on the part of every one who has any considerable 

 charge on his hands to see that every thing be done at the proper time and in the proper 

 manner. Fortunately, in this country, our October weather is delightful — dry, cool, and 

 bright, generally, and therefore eminently favorable for the rapid and proper execution of 

 all out-door work. 



Transplanting of all hardy trees, shrubs, and plants usually begins here in the north 

 about the first of October ; and, as we go further south, it must be deferred later. We 

 are greatly in favor of early planting, when it is practicable ; it is by no means necessary 

 to wait until the leaves have fallen. If growth has fahly ceased, and the wood has become 

 firm, trees may be removed ; the leaves must be talvcn off to prevent shriveling, and the 

 roots must be carefully guarded against exposure until they be again placed in the ground. 

 Autumn planted trees should by all means be secured against the winds, either by staking 

 or banking up ; and they should be well mulched besides. From this time until the final 

 freezing up of the ground, the laj'ing out and improvement of new places should be carried 

 forward vigorously, as the weather and the condition of the ground are both more favorable 

 than dm-mg summer or spring. 



Negleetal orclmrcU should now be renovated by manuring and plowing, or spading about 

 the roots. This should never be deferred till spring, because during the winter and spring 

 the sod decays, and the manure dissolves, and abundant food is thus prepared for the trees 

 next season. 



The gathering and etoHng of fruit must be carefully attended to by all who place a 

 proper estimate on the products of their orchards and fruit gardens. We have given else- 

 where an article that furnishes many useful hints on this subject ; it is worthy of an 

 attentive perusal. 



Kifch'On aTul garden crops for winter and spring use require nice management to keep 

 them in a proper condition. Such as are t&ken up and placed in the root-cellar should be 

 handled when dry, and the cellar should be clean and sweet, and perfectly free from moisture 

 both above and below ; it should also be kept cool as possible, but not admit frost. 



Such of the bedding-plants as Salvias, Scarlet Geraniums, Fuchsias, Heliotropes, Oupheas, 

 Bouvardias, Plumbagos, Abutilons, &c., as it is desired to save for another season, should 

 be carefully lifted early, and either potted or planted closely m boxes, and placed in a cool 

 gi-een-liouse, or in some place where they will have light and not ft-eeze. A corner of a 

 dry cellar beside a window will answer in case of necessity, but decaying leaves must be 

 frequently removed. Many of these plants, and some others we have not mentioned, such 

 tlie Huhrothamas, if taken up carefully in good season, may add materially to the beauty 

 of the gi-een-house through November. Many of the late flowering annuals are useful, too, 

 in tliis way. Chrysanthemujns from now till Christmas will be among the chief ornaments 





