THE GENESEE FAEMEK. 



cate a much cheaper plan for conreying the food of plants back into the impoverished 

 soil, whence so much has been extracted, we invite attention to the following letter from 

 a young farmer whose enterprise and intelligence do honor to his profession : 



In compliance with a solicitation in the Jnly number of the Farmer for the views of correspond- 

 ents as to the best pipe for conducting water, I give my experience. I have a pipe in operation 

 made of two-inch pipe drain tile surrounded with water lime cement, that brings to my yard the 

 water of a spring one hundred rods distant. On the bottom of the ditch, two and a half feet in 

 depth, I spread with a plasterer's trowel cement one-half inch in depth, and four inches in width, 

 immediately placing on this foundation one or two tiles, and covering them slightly with the cement 

 The cement on the bottom must be laid no faster than the tiles, and in this way two men, one to 

 make the mortar while the other places the pipe, can lay thirty rods per day. If it is required to 

 elevate the water many feet, more cement must be used, and more time intervene previous to letting 

 the water in. In durability this pipe may compare with lead, and wholly cement, and is far prefer- 

 able for its size, which may be four or six inches, and as much larger as tiles can be made. In econ- 

 omy it is also preferable, costing ratich less than any other conduit of the same dimensions. Two- 

 inch sole tiles are $10 per thousand pieces, and thirteen will lay one rod, costing thirteen cents; 

 and estimating the lime at seven cents, the expense for materials is twenty cents a rod. If the 

 tiles were glaized, which I think might be done, cement only would be required around the joints. 

 Good tiles of various forms and sizes are now manufactured by A. S. Cray, Palmyra, N. Y. H. J. 

 Foster — Palmyra, iV. Y. 



Well burnt tile pipe put down like pump-logs and cemented at the joints will con- 

 vey liquid manure into near or distant fields at one-tenth the cost of carting it. A few 

 men working by hand a force pump in a common fire engine, drive water in leather or 

 gutta percha hose over the roofs of six story houses ; one or two horses working a force 

 pump in a barnyard would lift one hundred tons of water fifty feet or more high to 

 give a head for its distribution through cement pipes over a distant field, while they 

 could haul there on wheels eighteen tons of water. By flattening the nozzle of the 

 pipe from which the water issues through the hose for distribution, it will spread out 

 like a fan, and fall over the ground in drops in a shower, having a little more ammonia, 

 carbonic acid, and salts than rain water naturally bring to the earth. Manure applied 

 in gentle and timely showers has many very important advantages, which will be fully 

 explained in future numbers of this Journal. 



AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS IN NEW YORK. 



We cannot commend the slow progress of agricultural improvement in New York, 

 because the evidence of unskillful husbandry greatly preponderates when we hold an 

 even balance between good and bad farming. The best cultivated districts in Great 

 Britain, France, Belgium, and Holland, are those that produce the most manure, and 

 keep- the most stock for that purpose. The extensive turnip culture of England looks 

 directly to this object. The densest peopled nation in Europe (Belgium), imlike the 

 State of New York, that imports so much meat to supply the consumption of its cities, 

 exports a large surplus of fat cattle to London. Belgium has less than half the area 

 under cultivation, according to its population, that New York has, yet tho former has 

 both grain and provisions of all kinds to send abroad, after supplying home consumption. 

 At the last census. New York returned 12,408,908 acres of improved land ; being within 

 a very small fraction just four acres to each man, woman, and child within its limits. 

 Belgium has a fraction over one arable acre to each inhabitant. Speaking of "• the agri- 

 cultural produce and practice" of that kingdom, Mr. McCullock says: "Corn (wheat), 

 n |. flax, hemp, and timber, constitute the most important materials of the agricultural . p 



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