228 



TtlEi CiEJNiJyiiili JbAKMHiK 



per acre can be raised from the lieav^' as from the light 

 oatg, then tlie heavy are the best, from the fact that the ex- 

 tra weight will amply compensate for any extra expense. 

 The Poland oat, as it is here called, is not the genuine Po- 

 land, but a superior oat. The correct name is Frieseland 

 or Dutch oat. The extra weight is ten or twelve pounds, 

 and if the average yield is forty bushels per acre, then the 

 extra weight will make the yield stand as follows : For 

 the common, 40 bushels per acre ; for the improved, o2| 

 bushels per acre. But this is not all, for the extra weight 

 of the best varieties is flour ; and when compared with the 

 common, it stands as 8 to 12 — that is, if 100 pounds of each 

 kind are ground, the common will not yield over 50 pounds 

 of oat meal, while the improved will yield 75 pounds. Ap- 

 ply this to the above yield, and the common will be repre- 

 sented by 40, as above, and the best improved by 73|. 

 Thence, for feeding, a much less quantity of the heavy oat 

 will be equal to light, from the fact that the extra weight 

 is meal. In England, Scotland, and Ireland., they seek for 

 the heaviest oat with the lightest husk or bran, just as mil- 

 lers will select the plumpest and best wheat for grinding. 

 I have found that the improved oat gives, on good soils, 

 equal yield per acre, bushel for bushel, with the lighter 

 kind ; and having shoi-ter straw, and ripening sooner than 

 most kinds, it is, I think, no more exhausting. Applying 

 the above rule to the oat crop of the United States, as giv- 

 en in the Census Report for 1850, and instead of 14G,G78,- 

 879 bushels, we would have an equivalent of 267,088,948 

 bushels, or a gain of over 120,000,000 bushels ; and this at 

 30 cents per bushel, would add to the value of the crop 

 $36,300,000 per year — and this improvement can easily be 

 made bv selecting the best seed, and sowing on good soil. 

 The fact is, that but little attention is paid to the oat crop, 

 and without care it will deteriorate, as well as the other ce- 

 reals. J. A. Clark. — Marion, Wayne Co., N. Y. 



^HORTICULTURAL. 



(C. T., Kingsville, Ohio.) The disease of your Cherry 

 trees is undoubtedly caused by their making a very rapid 

 growth, and continuing till late in the season. The wood 

 in such cases cannot be expected to be well ripened, and in 

 fact not sufficient to withstand unusually severe and trying 

 winters. To remedy this, it is only necessary to produce 

 on your Cherry trees before the winter sets in, short, well- 

 ripened wood. This can be done by a systematic course of 

 root pruning, as treated on page 180, in the present vol- 

 ume ; or it may be done quite efficaciously by making the 

 ground about the roots of the Cherry trees poorer, by add- 

 ing gravel or sand — the plants will then make less, but 

 hard and firm wood. 



(F. M., Frankfort.) Fruit trees produced from the seed 

 of apples, plums, peaches, pears, &c., will not be the 

 same as the original. It is possible that if one thousand 

 trees were allowed to fruit, the seeds of which being se- 

 lected from fine varieties of their respective kinds, two or 

 three sorts might possess some merit, but it is doubtful if 

 one would be equal to the original. To commence^a nur- 

 sery, it is best to obtain seedlings of the different varieties, 

 and cultivate the best sorts of each species upon them, by 

 budding and grafting. 



J. M.. of Bodega, Cal., advises us that the leaves upon 

 some of his Peach trees have turned to a light yellow color, 

 and swelled to a very large size, some of them being more 

 than the twentieth of an inch thick. Some insects this last 

 winter or spring have eaten out the buds upon his Apple 

 trees. He is anxious to know the cause, and a remedy, if 

 there be one. 



Bitter Rot in Apples. — In the April number of the 

 Farmer you ask of any one who has had experience in the 

 disease called the bitter rot in apples to give it. In the 

 summer of 1850 said disease was very bad in my orchard, 

 and I made some exertion to find out the cause. I came 

 to the conclusion that it was the bite of some insect ; and 

 I took two sound apples and put them under a glass shade, 

 with an insect something of the shape of what is called a 

 " grand-daddy long legs," but not more than one-third tlie 

 size, with them. In twenty-four hours one of them had 

 five specks of rot started, and the other one had two. 

 That it is the bite of some insect, any one may convince 

 himself by cutting out the aflFected part ; if that is out 

 clean it will stop, and if it was from defect of cultivation 

 the stem would be affected first, and the fruit would fall 

 off. Another proof is, that the disease is always confined 

 to tender-skinned apples. If I am correct, and I think I 

 am, the remedy is an easy one, for the insect can not fly, 

 but depends upon crawling. It makes its ajipearance from 

 the first to the last of August, and continues till the frost 

 is hard enough to kill it. I think it is hatched from a 

 small white egg, that is placed on moss or rough bark. 

 The best way to get rid of them is to give the tree a good 

 rubbing, hard enough to mash all the eggs ; then put a 

 good roll of wool around the body of the tree, which will 

 keep them down so they can be killed. Buckeye. — Ridge- 

 ville, Warren Co., Ohio. 



ADVERTISEMENTS, 



To secure insertion in the Faiimkr, must be received as early as the 

 lOtli of tlie previous month, and be of such a character as to be 

 of interest to farmers. Terms — Two Dollars for every hundred 

 words, each insertion, paid in advance. 



BONE DUST. 



BONE sawings, or meal, a very superior article, warranted pure.' 

 Price, .1;2 75 per bbl. 

 Bone dust, ground, (quite fine). Price, |2 37 per bbl. 

 For sale, in any quantity, at the State Agricultural Warehouse. 



LONCETT & GRIFFING, 

 May, 1854.— 3t No. 25 Clilf street, New York. 



r GENESEE VALLEY FUESERIES. ~^< 



A. FROST & CO. ROCHESTER, N. Y., 



OFFER to the public the coming spring one of the largest and 

 finest stocks of Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Rosea, 

 &c., in ihe country. It in part consists of standard Apple, Pear, 

 Chen y, Plum, Peach, Apricot, Nectarine and Quince Trees. Also, 

 Dwavf and Pyramid Pears and Ayiples. 



SMALL FRUITS. — Native and Foreign Grapes, old and new sortB 

 of Currants, finest Lancashire Gooseberries, Strawberries, Rasp- 

 berries, &e. &c. 



The ORNAMENTAL DEPARTJIENT comprises a great variety 

 of Deciduous and Evergreen Trees, Shrubs, Vines and Creepers, 

 which includes upward of of 300 varieties of the Rose. 



BEDDING PLANTS.— 150 varieties of Dahlias, a large collection 

 of Verbenas, Petunias, Helictropes, kc. &c. 



Priced Catalogues of the above will be mailed to all applicants 

 enclosing a postage st.amp for each Catalogue wanted, viz : 



No. 1. — Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits, Ornamental Trees, 

 Shrubs, &c. 



No. 2. — Descriptive Catalogue of Green House and Bedding Plants 

 of every description, including every thing new which may be in- 

 troduced up to its season, will be published in March each year. 



No. 3. — Wholesale Catalogue, published in September. 



February 1, 1854. — ^tf 



