THE GENESEE FARMER. 



249 



DESIGNS FOR CHURCHES. 



We give on the opposite page an engraving of an 

 Independent Cnapel, at Boston, England, built in the 

 Romanesque style, which may afford some hints to 

 the committees of some of our religious societies 

 looking about for ideas. The Horticulturist, in speak- 

 ing of this church, says: 



" It is different from most churches, in having a spa- 

 cious basement room on the ground floor, sufhciently 

 elevated to be abundantly lighted and ventilated — in 

 short, as healthful and agreeable as a school-house 

 above ground. This school accommodates 400 boys 

 and girls. The exterior length of the chapel is 62 

 feet, the width 37 teet 6 inches ; the internal length 

 56 feet 8 inches, the width 32 feet; the height of side 

 walls from pavement, 31 feet ; the height of gables, 

 46 feet; the tower height, 62 feet; the spire and vane, 

 48 feet— or total, 110 feet. 



" This church is built wholly of brick — the mold- 

 ings of doors, windows, &c., of molded brick. The 

 cost was £1,300 (about §6,500). As molded brick 

 are now admirably made in this country (some fine 

 buildings in this style having been erected with them 

 at Providence, R. I.), this mode of building is worthy 

 the attention of those who desire to unite economy 

 with good effect." 



In regard to this style of architecture, the same 

 journal remarks : 



"Xext to the Gothic style, the Romanesque (or 

 Lombard), appears better adapted than any other to 

 religious edifices. Though there is, in its lines, less 

 of religious aspiration than in the Gothic, yet it is 

 also equally removed from the level plane of reason 

 which we find in the Greek architecture. There is 

 much, both of beauty and balance, in the curved 

 lines of its arches, and it admits the spire almost as 

 naturally as the Gothic style. Besides this, so far as 

 association is worth any thing, it has clearly the ad- 

 vantage of the Gothic style — since the eai'liest Chris- 

 tian churches were all round arched, or Romanesque.' 



SPATING OF COWS. 



Tffls is a subject which it would seem should be 

 better understood than at present. Indeed, the whole 

 subject of comparative physiology lags in regard to 

 the needed progress. A few things, however, are 

 quite certain, among which may be stated the great 

 analogy between the physiological functions of do- 

 mestic animals and the human race. Although our 

 knowledge in regard to the human race is further ad- 

 vanced than that in regard to animals, yet we may 

 beheve that great discrepancies have not been found 

 in taking our knowledge of any functions of the hu- 

 man organization as a point of departure, and then 

 making reference to the same functions in animals. 

 ISIilk-flow, or rather milk-secretion, is a function sub- 

 sidiary to reproduction with every animal in nature. 

 It is for the sustentation of the young, before their 

 organs of mastication and digestion are .suificiently 

 matured to cope with the coarser diet of the adult. 

 After the milk-secreting organ has been active a suf- 

 ficient length of time for this pm-pose — after parturi- 



tion — it is the law of nature that the particular 

 excitation of this function should be transferred to 

 the starting point of a new reproduction stiU remain- 

 ing within the generative system. Milk-production 

 is at the expense of the generative energy. The 

 ovaries and uterus are the first active organs in the 

 process of reproduction ; the milk-secreting the sub- 

 sequent one in connection with the same essential 

 energy. When the milk begins to fail, or the cow 

 to " dry oft"," this transfer is taking place, though it 

 does not make essential headway until a new repro- 

 duction is sufiBciently far advanced as to demand in 

 its quarter an active circulation, and the general ener- 

 gies that ai-e being lost in the useless flow of milk. 



The proposition, then, is having given a cow in a 

 state of milk to prevent this transfer, by the removal 

 of the ovaries from the animal. One thing among 

 those which are certain is, that there can be no com- 

 mencement of reproduction after the removal of the 

 ovaries ; there can be no intervals of going dry any 

 months in the year ; if once diy she must be diy for 

 life. Another thing is absolutely certain — that the 

 simple excision of the ovaries from a cow, if per- 

 formed as it ought to be, is harmless entirely. Some 

 people have a notion that spaying is the excision of 

 the uterus entirely ; and worse yet, that it must be 

 done by a large incision through the abdominal walls, 

 in order to get access to them. Few animals could 

 survive such mutilation, although this is beheved to 

 be the method by which animals are necessarily 

 operated upon. It is sufficient here to say, that the 

 operation should be performed through the vaginal 

 parietes, as the mode of access. It should be per- 

 formed during milk-flow, and some time before the 

 anticipated heat of the animal It should be per- 

 formed only by skillful persons — those who have 

 knowledge of comparative anatomy. 



The quality of the milk of a spayed cow is admitted 

 to be superior. The milk of cows far advanced in 

 pregnancy was analyzed by Lassaigxe, and found to 

 contain no casein at all, or sugar of milk, or lactic 

 acid, but much albumen and uncombined soda. He 

 analyzed the nulk of the same cows after parturition, 

 and found the first three named substances, but no 

 albumen. Physicians have pronounced against the 

 use of the milk for babes taken from the cow in a 

 state of gestation. The spayed animal is more 

 amiably disposed, always kind, and having no season 

 of heat, if kept alone never breaks her enclosure. 

 The writer is assui-ed that she gives a greater quan- 

 tity of milk, varying with the season, as a matter 

 depending on the season. Those who have fatted 

 these cows for beef, assure us they are fatted quicker, 

 and that the beef is better. As to the length of 

 time they will give milk. Dr. Heckermax has known 

 it to last ten years; othei-s have stated it to be seven 

 and eight years. None have pronounced against the 

 operation, or have deemed the animal less valuable if 

 it be preferred to put her in beef in four years. AVe 

 have only to think of the expense of wintering a diy 

 cow, as an offset to such necessity. — »3., in the Boston 

 Cultivator. 



A BAND of rascals have been abroad in Xew Hamp- 

 shire among the farmers, buying up their cattle at the 

 highest prices, and paying in counterfeit money. "- 



