SA.-r, YODK WOODLANDS. 



4f. 



or $ 1 11 or $12 a month is paid, as the parties may 

 bai'nfain. 



" 'I'hose laborers, lodging themselves, are less in 

 the way than young men. Then they are much 

 ciwier p;ii(l ; it is felt less, as they are paid, to a con- 

 siderable extent, off the farm — thus making a home 

 market. Then they are reliable ; they are always 

 there, for their families are there, and sometimes the 

 wife, or the junior members of the family, may be 

 of service, and can be called on in the hurry and 

 press of harvest, or at other times, for light jobs or 

 for domestic labor. To be surrounded by an indus- 

 trious yeomanry of this kind, comfortably fed and 

 lodged, should be gratifying to the proprietor, and 

 will make him feel strong for executing business on 

 the farm. The relation is patriarchal, and is an inter- 

 esting one ; but the interest of the proprietor should 

 not be confined to getting work out of his men, 

 and even paying them fairly for it. He should 

 interest himself to know that they spent their means 

 wisely, inquire how they were getting on, how they 

 were likely to make the ends of the year meet, be 

 sure that the garden wa^ well cultivated, that garden 

 seeds were piovided, and even propose, with all or 

 any of his tenants, a generous competition for pro- 

 ducing the best and earliest vegetables ; thus, by a 

 little address, exciting their emulation, and insuring 

 an abundance on their humble but neat spread boards. 

 The tenant will soon realize that he is getting on 

 well, and will be contented ; and the contented man 

 is always best prepared to discharge his duties. Is 

 this personal interest in his laborers and tenantry too 

 great a tax on the proprietor ? On the contrary, he 

 should find his happiness in it, for he would often 

 realize that while thus promoting his own ends, he 

 was discharging high Christian dutie.s, the duties of 

 philanthropy and benevolence. There is a certain 

 kind of society, too, to be found by the well-regu- 

 lated mind, in intercourse with these unlettered sons 

 of toil. The man who always preserves his own self- 

 respect will never be in danger from any familiarity 

 of not receiving the respect of others. Such perma- 

 nent tenants get to take an interest in the farm and 

 in the succe.ss of its operations, for they feel their 

 own is identified with it. That these views may not 

 seem to rest merely on theoi7, 1 may add that I have 

 a half a dozen of these tenants on my own estate, 

 who have been with me, most of them, for several 

 years ; and I have found the relation, as I have des- 

 cribed it, one of the best that can exist in the 

 absence of other labor, between the proprietor and 

 the hands on his farm." 



SAVE YOtTB WOODLAJTOS. 



The present demand for firewood, as fuel for our 

 own use, and for the supply of the railroads thread- 

 ng our country like network of iron bands, bids fair 

 n a few years so to enhance the price, as to render 

 ts use impossible, except io those with well filled 

 pockets. Every country which does not in itself con- 

 tain mines of coal, should pay strict attention to the 

 preservation of its forests, and not leave the matter 

 to the cupidity of private and individual interest 



The time has already come in many sections of oui 

 country, when an acre of woodland is worth more as it 

 stands than the land wdieneleared. We know of instan 

 ces of woodland bought a few years since within tor 

 miles of this city, the avails of the firewood cut upor 

 which paid all the expenses of clearing, the cost pei 

 acre, and left the land a clear gain to its ownec 

 Such being the case, we think it the duty of every 

 one who h;is woodland, to preserve the same botb 

 for his own use and the use of his posterity. Many 

 owners of farms, in their inconsiderate haste to realize 

 a present gain, have so far cut down their woodlanc 

 that the annual growth of timber is insufficient tc 

 meet the yearly demand. 



From the short time, comparatively, that haf 

 elapsed since the settlement of Western New York 

 and the abundant forest growth which is a charac- 

 teristic of our lands, we have but few data by which 

 to compute the length of time that is requisite foi 

 the second growth of trees to be of the most profit- 

 able size to cut for firewood or timber. In the towE 

 of Wheatland we have observed some fine second 

 growth woodlands — mostly hickory and oak — and 

 we presume that in fifty years from the time they 

 were set apart for that purpose, the timber from those 

 lands will net hundreds of dollare in value. We 

 observed, too, that the timber had been cut off clean, 

 and that no large trees had been left to rob the 

 younger trees of their due proportion ; and from the 

 accounts given by the keepers of the royal forests of 

 England and France it is found to be the best plan 

 to cut off all clean as you can, put up good fimces 

 around your lot — by all means keep your stock from 

 browsing on the young trees — and in a few yearc 

 yon will have the pleasure of seeing a thriving 

 grove. 



In the long settled portions of New England, con- 

 siderable attention has been paid to this subject, and 

 the above plan is found to be the best in practice. 



On the western prairies, where there is a scarcity 

 of timber at the first settling of a country, it is found 

 that where the fires are prevented, and the young 

 growth is protected from the ravages of stock, in a 

 few years there will be a miniature forest ; and those 

 who in settling a new country sparsely timbered, have 

 forethought to sow locust seeds, .hickoo', etc., will in 

 a few years reap a rich reward for their foresight. 



We see it stated that the Hudson River Railroad 

 consumes 36,000 cords of wood annually. From a 

 brief estimate of the number of miles of railroad in 

 our own State, we should estimate that over $1,500,- 

 000 are annually paid to supply the fire-horses of our 



