14 



TIiE (4ENESEE FARMER. 



and thresliing floors, (I would recommend two,) 

 16 feet wide, as loiij; as llie barn is wide, and 12i 

 feet high to scatlbld overhead, Ironi whioli will be 

 6i feet to plates. The cellar should be dug so tJie 

 front or stable door-sills are rather higher than the 

 natural ground, and dug out, giving the stables six 

 inches descent from back to front. Make the end 

 walls -io feet long, the front jamb 3 feet wide, the 

 walls 2 feet thick as high as basement, then 20 

 inches to plates; from thence to peak of roof 18 

 inches. Set the front wall back 5 feet so as to 

 project the upper barn over the stable doors, and 

 aftbrd a dry walk in wet weather. There should 

 be two horse stables, three cow stables, or two 

 with one of them double, with the necessary entries 

 and passages to pas3 to all of them without going 

 cat of doors. 



As represented in the following ground plan, 

 the size of stables and entries are given, a, a, a, 

 &c., represents the stable and entry doors. The 



t A « 

 I5X 23 



BASEMENT. 



whole are believed to be the most convenient 

 arrangement of stables and feed-house in a barn, 

 that can be adopted. The seconds story contains 

 two floors and two mows to store liay and grain. 

 The joist should project over the front wall and 

 doors even with the jambs. The part between 

 the jaiiibs should be framed on a sill, laid on the 

 ends of the joists. We drive into the west or right 

 hand floor, to fill the west end mow. "When that 

 is full we drive into the freshing floor, and fill the 

 other mow, and the grain floor up to the point of 

 the roof, and over the threshing floor, which alto- 

 getlier holds a large quantity of hay and grain. 



MAIN rLOOP„ 



From the hay mow next the threshing floor may 

 be cut off 10 or 12 feet for granaries — very conven- 

 ient to floor and to load frf>m a front door on a 

 wagon. In this should be a window with a few 

 light*. There «hoald also be a window over each 



overshot door, to light the threshing floor. Witl 

 Hs the hay is unloaded by horse-power on hay 

 drag, and carried up to the peak of the roof before 

 it is discharged. 



The whole should be permanently built and 

 roofed with slate. Of such barns, we have many 

 in Chester and Lancaster counties, Pa., smaller or 

 larger, in proportion to the size of the farm. A 

 barn as described, cost, the past season, $l,GOO. 



The stables should be ventilated by openings 

 over the stable and entry doors. The doors may 

 be double or in two parts, and in summer have the 

 upper door open. The doors may be left ope» by 

 having bars across the door-ways. 



This barn can be built on level ground as well as 

 a hill-side, only the bridge-way will require nuich 

 more filling up to drive into the floor. 



To get the hay into the feeding-entries out of 

 the several mows, there should be funnels from the 

 mows to the entries, at such place as convenient. 

 The stable floors should be earth, the floor of feed- 

 house mortar laid on fine stones ; all to prevent a 

 rat harbour in or about the barn. The feed-house 

 is very convenient to the horse and cow or cattle 

 stable, out of which a stair leads up to the thresh- 

 ing floor, bringing all the principal parts of the 

 barn in close proximity. The two upper barn 

 floors should be two inch p]:mk; in the treshing 

 floor they should be jointed, grooved and tongiied ; 

 in the others, they may lay loose, and not jointed 

 very close ; the two mows floored with inch boards 

 loose. The upper barn may t>e built a frame as 

 well as stone ; but frame, and particularly the sills, 

 will decay with the roof of shingles. A stone 

 barn will outlast six or eight shingle roofs ; hence 

 the necessity of covering with slate. The barn 

 will last half-a-dozen generations, always good. 



Description of Plan. — Basement — A, horse- 

 stable; B, double cow-stable; 0, cattle or sheep 

 pen ; D, entry ; E, horse-stable ; F, feed-house ; 

 P, passage. Main Floor — A, A, large barn doors ; 

 rt, «, front overshot doors; B, B, hay mows; C, 

 threshing-floor ; D, grain-mow or second floor ; 

 E, granaries ; F, bridgeway. 



B. F. BAETOLET. 



PKESERVmG ROOTS FOR WIFTER USE.* 



"On the best and most economicil plan for preserving roots Tor 

 wiiitur use, refert-n'-e being hail, first, to keeping and feeding a 

 large (luantity, say from one to several Ilioiisand bushels; second, 

 to its being a permanent system ; third, to the easy acc^s during 

 cold weather, and the temperature of the roots so aa not to be no 

 cold as to injure stock." 



Thekk is probably no more economical method 

 of keeping roots, and no more convenient phice for 

 keeping them, than in what every successful herds- 

 man needs, viz., a good warm basement to liis barn, 

 enclosed by a stone wall laid in lime mortar, and 

 tightly pointed so as to exclude all air uidess for 

 ventilatijig purposes. This should be large enough 

 not only to stable all his stock, but in one end 

 should be a room large enough to hold his winter 

 sujiply of roots. Tliis should be partitioned off 

 front the stabling, and lathed and plastered to make 



♦ The committee think that none of the twelve essays received 

 on this subject quite come up to Mr. Taylob'9 requirement. The 

 three following are all excellent, and they award a prize of a doUai 

 book to each of them. 



