THE GENESEE FARMER. 



121 



h russet ; flesh melting, juicy, of a pleasant sub- 

 1 flavor, but rather lacks sweetness and richness. 



• At one of the weekly exhibitions of the Society, 

 t of October 23, a dish of the Beurre Bachelier 

 ? exhibited by Mr. H. Citrtis. These specimens 

 •e large, perfectly fair and smooth, and very 

 dsome, and are thought deserving of mention, 

 ause the fruit of this variety is generally knotted 

 warty, as showing what may be expected of it 

 en in skillful hands or a suitable situation. 



• De Tongres. — As considerable interest has been 

 ited respecting this pear, it may not be amiss to 

 ;e, as a matter of record, that, though not ex- 

 ited, it has fruited the past year and been seen 

 some of the Committee. The specimens seen 

 •e of good size, but not equal in that respect, or 

 beauty, to the colored representations of it; 

 Y were of a spirited, brisk flavor, somewhat like 

 t of the Beurre iVArembergy 



CULTIVATION OF THE GKAPE.-No. 3. 



Fig. 10. 



PEEATAIENT OF THE VINES THE SECOND YEAU. 



'eesuming- the young vines to have been care- 

 y tended during the first summer's growth, they 

 will at the end of 

 the season have 

 produced strong 

 canes three to six 

 feet in length, and 

 will present some- 

 what the appear- 

 ance of fig. 10. 

 The winter is the 

 time to prune, and 

 in mild seasons 

 the mouth of Feb- 

 ruary will be the 

 best period; but 

 ery severe weather, it had better be deferred 

 il it becomes a little milder. But when put ott' 

 late, the vines are apt to bleed a great deal ; and 

 (■ough the bleeding may not be so injurious as 

 ly persons suppose, it can not do any good, and 

 I as well be avoided as much as possible. In 

 aing this year, the vines must 

 5ut down to the lowest good, 

 nd, plump bud, within two to 

 inches of the ground, as rep- 

 uted in fig. 11. Set the edge 

 ;h6 knife at the back of the 

 , and at one inch above it, 

 take it off at one clean cut. 

 the vineyard has been planted with cuttings, 

 at a stake, wherever both have grown one will 

 e to be taken away — either cut away with a 

 e, or carefully dug away without injury to the 

 left. Always leave the best vine ; and those 

 ch are taken up will do to fill vacancies where 

 1 may have died. Many persons perform this 

 'ation in the month of October; but as we 

 fletimes have very severe winters, I think it had 

 '4er be deferred till spring, to avoid winter heav- 

 3" of the newly-planted vines. It should, how- 

 V, be performed as early in the spring as the 

 ftSand weather will admit — when the ground is 

 oljood working order; but not in very wet or 

 (?, windy or frosty weather. 



Fig. 11. 



As soon as the weeds begin to grow, the soil will 

 want stirring, either with the cultivator or hoe, so 

 as to kill the weeds, and stir the soil around the 

 plants. This operation should be repeated as soon 

 as the weeds begin to show themselves again. 

 When the weather begins to set in hot and dry, if 

 a little mulching of littery manure, or short grass, 

 leaves, or anything that will keep the ground par- 

 tially shaded and moist, be applied around the 

 young vine, it will be of great service. 



The vines may be allowed to grow at will this 



summer, without stakes, 



and trained to one cane. 



During the summer, 



small lateral shoots wiU 



be produced from the 



axU of each large leaf on 



the main cane, which 



must be cut back to one 



leaf when it has grown 



two or three leaves in 



length. The object of 



this is to concentrate the 



sap in the main cane, in- 



■^"^' ^'^' stead of its being wasted 



in the laterals, that it may be a-s strong and weU- 



ripened as possible. » 



Fig. 12 shows a section of a main cane, and the 



the small line on the lateral where it is to be cut off. 



TEEATMENT OF THE VINES THE TDIED TEAR. 



In February of the third year, the vines are again 

 pruned down to the lowest good bud, within four 

 or six inches of the ground, as represented in fig. 

 13. If the vineyard has been planted with rooted 

 plants, a few grapes may be had this year, but not 

 more than two or three bunches to a vine ; but if 

 it has been made with cuttings, no 

 fruit may be allowed until the fourth 

 year. 



The vines must now be supplied 

 with stakes, and preparations made 

 for whatever mode of training is to 

 be adopted. Some planters train 

 their vines to one stake, some to two, others tc 

 three, and others again to four. Where only one 

 stake is used — which, perhaps, is the best, where 

 vines are planted only four feet apart each way — 

 the stake is set immediately at the head of the vine, 

 and on the north side of it, as in fig. 14. Where 

 two stakes are used, they are set out as represented 

 in fig. 15. Where the ground is strong, and the 



Fig. 13. 



West, 



East. 



Fio. 14 



Fig. 15. 



vines planted five feet apart, or four by five, the 

 stakes should be set one foot from the vine, east 

 and west. They will then cast less shade early ia 



