Driving to Vehicle 83 



the rig forward, especially if he keeps stepping up 

 and occasionally walks off and leaves us tugging at 

 the shafts. To avoid this, train the horse to come 

 under the shafts from the beginning. Take the 

 horse to the training paddock, hold the whip up to one 

 side and over him and try to make him go under it 

 by pulling his head toward the whip. If he obeys, 

 caress him ; if he refuses, lays back his ears or steps 

 back, reach over and tap him rather lightly with the 

 whip, return it to its former position, and ask him to 

 go under as before. If he refuses, repeat. When he 

 goes under the whip at the signal, hold the shafts 

 up and he will walk under them. If he should 

 refuse, hold the whip in the hand with the shafts. 

 After he steps under the shafts, lower them and 

 arrange the shaft tugs, traces and hold-backs. 



Caressing with the whip. — Early in the horse's 

 training he should become familiar with the uses of 

 the whip, not only as a means of punishment, but as 

 a means of reward. The way to caress the horse 

 with the whip is to place it gently on the body and 

 carefully stroke or rub the animal. To teach the 

 horse this usage of the whip, take a position in front 

 of him similar to teaching him to follow (p. 54). 

 Begin by rubbing or stroking his mane and crest, 

 then his back, sides, rump and lastly the quarters. 

 As you are stroking him, feed him dainties, as sugar 

 or a carrot. Ask the horse to follow you to some 

 object at the command '^come here," as suggested. 



