248 Outdoor Vices and Whims 



impress him with the fact that we are his friend. 

 This can be accomphshed by feeding him a dainty 

 when he obeys our commands. To aid in securing 

 his confidence we should abstain from all forms of 

 punishment likely to cause him pain. While the 

 use of the self-punishing harness, by which he deals 

 out his own punishment, is recommended, yet we 

 should never use the whip or spur in overcoming 

 vice, as the pain thus inflicted provokes further 

 rebellion. 



Perhaps the most efficient means for punishing 

 the horse in overcoming vice is by humiliating him, 

 as this seems to have a greater effect than any form 

 whereby he is caused pain. There are three com- 

 mon methods of humiliating the proud and vicious 

 horse : first by pulling him to his knees and holding 

 him there until he becomes calm; second by tying 

 his head and tail together and letting him go round 

 and round until he becomes stupefied; and third by 

 throwing him to the ground and holding him down 

 until he gives in. The great advantage of each of 

 these is that they do not cause the horse physical 

 pain. 



We may divide bad habits into two general classes : 

 vice and whims ; the former comprising the more 

 serious moral defects, and the latter imperfections of 

 less importance. 



