THE MONROE DOCTRINE 315 



It will be noted that in this treaty of November 22, 1822, 

 in which England took no part, the allies, "make some 

 additions to the Treaty of the Holy Alliance." Thus it 

 appears how these four powers (the original Quadruple Alli- 

 ance), by assuming to amend a treaty not originally of their ' 

 own making, had appropriated to themselves the title and 

 doctrines of the former Holy Alliance. One important step 

 was taken^ at Verona. The Congress adjourned with the 

 understanding that France, in the name of the Holy allies, 

 should send an arrny into Spain, " to put an end to the system 

 of representative government " which was struggling for J & 

 existence beyond the Pyrenees. A French army, under the 

 Due d'Angouleme, crossed the frontier, and after a feeble 

 resistance from the revolutionists, restored Ferdinand to a 

 despotic throne (April, 1822). The next step of the allies -| 

 seemed to be reasonably certain, a movement against South 1 



American revolutionists. Their efforts against liberalism ** 



*5/ 



in Europe had been eminently successful, as demonstrated 

 in Naples, in Sicily, in Piedmont, and lastly in Spain. Fer- 

 dinand, having been reinstated upon his throne, begged-* (? v 

 lustily for help to subjugate his colonies, both in the interest 

 of Spain and in the cause of absolutism. The advisability 

 of taking such a step had already been broached at Vienna, 

 and freely discussed at Verona. Reports of these contem- 

 plated movements in the Americas had reached Washington, \^ 

 and had impressed the administration with a deep feeling of 

 concern. It was feared that France might demand Cuba as 

 a price for restoring Ferdinand, and it was quite certain 

 that if the allies did interfere in America, the newly created \ 

 republics would inevitably fall into the hands of the more 

 powerful European nations. I In order to determine upon a 

 course of action relative to Spain's seceding colonies, the 

 allies agreed to meet again in the autumn of 1823. In the 

 meantime, however, the activity of Canning had marshalled 

 the forces that opposed the ideas and projects of the Holy 

 Alliance, and suddenly and unexpectedly to the allies, there 

 came from Washington a warning to stop. As they devel- 

 oped in strength and resources, the people of the United 



