266 MANAGEMENT OF GRASS LANDS. 



ing. A well authenticated paper, in the Communications to 

 the (English) Board of Agriculture states, that in one year 

 twenty-three horses have been kept twenty weeks; and in the 

 next, twenty-eight horses during eighteen weeks, upon eleven 

 acres of lucern alone, which gives an average of three roods 

 per horse in nineteen weeks.* 



In Holland and Flanders where the feeding of cattle is supposed to be much 

 better understood than in most countries, the summer .soiling of farm-horses is 

 limited to half an acre of meadrw grass, cut and carried to the stable, from the 

 middle of May to the middle of June, from which time to the end of August 

 one-sixth of an acre of clover is added, with two pounds of beans daily; and 

 from thence to November, when the winter feeding commences, the clover is 

 replaced by an equal quantity of carrots. From the number of horses stated, 

 in this instance, to be kept in proportion to the tillage eleven to one hundred 

 and fifty acres of alluvial soil their labour can, however, be only light, though 

 a pair is said to draw a ton and a half of manure in the field, and three tons 

 upon the road.t 



After viewing all inconveniences, a great variety of circum- 

 stances concur to prove most satisfactorily, that the practice of 

 soiling or feeding cattle during the summer season with dif- 

 ferent green and succulent vegetables, which are cut and car- 

 ried to them, and of stall-feeding them in the winter season 

 with dry fodder, in conjunction with various nutritive roots, 

 such as the sugar-beet, ruta-baga, carrots. &c. will, in general, 

 be found highly economical. J 



III. GRAZING OR PASTURING STOCK. 



IN this country where very extensive natural pastures 

 abound, and the price of new land of the highest grade of fer- 

 tility is much less than the annual rent per acre of land in Eng- 

 'land the system of grazing was early introduced, and gene- 

 rally prevails at the present day. The sub-divisions of land 

 that is kept exclusively for grazing should depend as well upon 

 its fertility, as upon the number of different kinds of animals 

 that are to be kept upon it. The excellence of pastures de- 

 pends greatly both upon their position and upon the different 

 species of animals for whose support they are designed. 



Uplands, for instance, which are elevated, open, and dry, 



* Vol. vii., article 25, Part I. 



t Radcliff's Report of the Agriculture of East and West Flanders, p. 216. 

 Another farm, of two hundred acres, mentioned in the same Report, is culti- 

 vated by eight horses, each of which get daily, in winter, fifteen pounds of hay, 

 ten pounds of straw, and eight pounds of oats and, after every feed, a bucket 

 of water, richly whitened with rye or oat-meal. In summer, clover is substituted 

 for hay, but the other feeding remains the same, and the white water is never 

 omitted. p. 54. 



t Complete Grazier, p. 78. 



