REARING AND FEEDING OF ANIMALS. 333 



as to indicate that the animal can endure no hardship; moveable, mellow, but 

 not too loose, and particularly well covered with fine and soil hair.* 



The WILD BREED, from which the improved breeds have 

 descended, being untameable, are very rarely met with in Eu- 

 rope; a few are to be found, says Mr. CULLY, in the parks of 

 some public spirited gentlemen in England, who have them 

 confined in enclosures, high and firm, for ornament and curiosi- 

 ty. Their colour is invariably of a creamy white the muz- 

 zle black the whole of the inside of the ear and about one- 

 third of the outside from the tips downwards red horns white, 

 with black tips, very fine and bent upwards. Some of the 

 bulls have a thin upright mane, about an inch and a half or two 

 inches. The weight of the ox ranges from five to six hundred 

 and fifty pounds, and the cows from three hundred and fifty 

 to five hundred pounds the four quarters. The beef is finely 

 marbled and of excellent flavour. The mode of killing them 

 was perhaps the only remains of the grandeur of ancient hunt- 

 ing. They are exceedingly shy; the cows hide their calves 

 for a week or ten days, in some sequestered spot, and go and 

 suckle them several times a day.t 



The long-horns, which extend over the western districts o" 

 England, and the richer parts of Ireland, were, at an early 

 period, more generally diffused than any of the other races of 

 large cattle. The individuals of this breed are distinguished 

 from others "by the length of their horns, which generally in- 

 cline downwards the thickness and fine texture of their hides 

 the length and closeness of their hair the large size of 

 their hoofs, and their coarse leathery necks. They are not good 

 milkers."! They are frequently termed the Lancashire breed. 

 The district of Craven was long celebrated for its long-horns, 

 called the Craven breed. In the early part of the last century 

 the Caulcy breed acquired, and for a considerable length of 

 time maintained, a high reputation, through the judicious and 

 well directed exertions of Mr. WEBSTER, of Cauley. To this 

 breed, and partly derived from it, succeeded the Dishley breed, 

 so named from ROBERT BAKEWELL, of Dishley, in the county 

 of Leicester, who, soon after the middle of the last century, 

 began those improvements in live-stock which exercised so 

 great an influence on not merely on the long-horned breed of 

 cattle but upon all the varieties and races of domesticated 

 animals in almost every country, down to the present day. 



The chief improvements effected, seem to be their early 



* Library of Useful Knowledge British Cattle YOUATT CLINE. 

 t CULLY on Live Stock. 



* Mr. CULLY. Their milk, though not large in quantity, was exceeding rich 

 ia cream hence their adaptation to the dairy. 



