334 REARING AND FEEDING OF ANIMALS. 



maturity and aptitude to fatten rapidly on the most valuable 

 points, and in the superior quality or excellence of the flesh, 

 it being fine grained, and the fat beautifully intermixed with 

 the muscles. Whatever may be the merits of the long-horned 

 cattle, comparatively with the other improved breeds of the 

 present day, it must be admitted, says the Editor of the Com- 

 plete Grazier, that they rank among the finest in the kingdom; 

 and it is certain, that the perfection which they have attained 

 in the hands of the em i neat breeders of the present day, has 

 been acquired through the medium of the Dishley blood. 



The modern improvements, made in the long-horned cattle, since the first at- 

 tempts of B.AKEWEI.L, are considered to consist chiefly in the coarser parts 

 having been reduced, and the more valuable enlarged. The present breed is 

 finer boned, and finer in the neck, throat and breast the back is straight, wide, 

 and well covered with flesh the rump is also wide, and particularly fleshy on 

 the points and about the root of the tail. Complete Grazier. 



The SHORT-HORNED CATTLE, under which denomination are 

 indiscriminately included the Dutch, Holder ness, Teeswater , 

 Yorkshire, Durham, Northumberland, and other breeds of 

 these varieties of the short-horned breed. The Teeswater and 

 the Durham varieties of the short-horns, are at present held 

 in the highest estimation; they are very nearly allied to each 

 other; and bulls and cows purchased at the most extraordinary 

 prices, are spread over England, Scotland, and the United 

 States. The enterprising farmers of our western states indeed 

 our farmers generally, prefer the Durham hence that variety 

 is more generally found among us. 



The bone, head and neck of these cattle are very fine back level throat 

 clean the hide very thin chine full the loin broad the carcass throughout 

 large and well fashioned quarters long hips and rumps even and wide the 

 flesh and fattening quality equal, probably superior to those of any other large 

 breed. They stand rather high on their legs, and handle very kindly. The 

 short-horns are better milkers than any other variety or breed a cow gene- 

 rally yielding from twenty-four to thirty quarts of milk per cVy, of the richest 

 quality.* They differ from other breeds, not only in the shortness of their 

 horns, but in their more square and massy form consequently feeding to 

 greater weight, in affording the greatest quantity of tallow when fatted. The 

 heaviest and largest oxen of this breed, when properly fed, are selected in pre- 

 ference to all others for victualling the East India ships, as they produce the 

 thickest beef, which, by retaining its juices, is the best adapted for all long 

 voyages. 



To Messrs. CHARLES and ROBERT COLLINS, of Darlington, 

 in the county of Durham, belongs the honour of bringing to its 

 present state of improvement, the valuable breed we have now 

 under consideration. Towards the close of the last century, 

 many individuals distinguished themselves as breeders of the 

 Teeswater short-horns. But it was left to these gentlemen to 

 complete what others had undertaken. By judicious and 

 happy selection, CHARLES COLLINS did for the short-horns, 

 what Mr. BAKEWELL, years before, had done for the long- 



* The superior quality of the milk is disputed by the advocates of the mid- 

 dle-horns. 



