434 IMPLEMENTS, &c. OF THE FARM. 



as cultivators, grubbers, &c. Harrows are implements of essen- 

 ti.il importance in the management of farm lands, not only for 

 the purpose of covering the seed with the earth, but likewise 

 for more effectually pulverizing the soil after it is broken up 

 by the plough, previously to its reception of the seed. 



As the operation of harrowing is performed on all the varie- 

 ties of soils, brought into a state of cultivation, it therefore re- 

 quires instruments of different size and strength, and as the 

 objects for which they are employed, though nearly similar, 

 yet vary in detail, it is manifest that they should differ in form. 

 But they have nevertheless, until within the last few years, 

 been both made and worked without any material alteration, 

 upon the same principle on which they have been used for 

 ages. 



THE BERWICKSHIRE HARROW. 



The Berwickshire Harrow is 

 said to be the most perfect im- 

 plement of the kind now in 

 use in England. It consists 

 of two parts joined together by 

 iron rods, having hasps and 

 hooks. Each part consists of 

 four bars of wood, termed bulls, 

 and connected together by an 

 equal number of cross-bars of 

 smaller dimensions, morticed 

 through them. 



The former of these bars may be two and a half inches in 

 width, by three inches in depth, and the latter two inches in 

 width by one inch in depth. The longer bars are inclined at 

 a certain angle to the smaller, (see engraving,) and they have 

 inserted into them teeth at equal distances from each other. 

 By this means, when the implement moves forward, the various 

 teeth equally indent the surface of the ground over which they 

 pass. 



The harrow represented in the preceding figure, of which 

 the frame is of wood, and the teeth of iron, are connected to- 

 gether in pairs by hinges. The number of teeth in each is 

 twenty, five being inserted in each of the larger bars. 



Sometimes a light kind of harrow, with a greater number of 

 teeth, is used for covering the smaller seeds, as those of clovers 

 and the grasses. These light harrows do this species of work 

 better than the common kinds, and hence many farmers have 

 one or more pairs of them, for the specific purpose of covering 

 the smaller seeds. 



