ORCHARDS. 489 



who would be more particular, will do well to consult that 

 book. 



Summer fruit: Green Chissel, Early Rousselet, Jargonelle, 

 St. John's, Skinless. 



Autumn fruit: Andrews, Bartlett, Capsheaf, Dix, Dutchess 

 D'Angouleme, Fulton, Gore's Heathcot, Harvard, Golden 

 Beurre of Bilboa, Marie Louise, Napoleon, Wilkinson. 



Winter fruit: Die!, Lewis, Passe Colmar. 



Winter baking Pear: Catillac, Pound. 



A pear tree should be left pretty much to its own growth. 

 It may, however, sometimes be necessary to apply the knife, 

 in which case it should be merely to keep the head of the tree 

 tolerably well open in the middle, and to preserve its pyramidal 

 shape, by shortening the wood on that side where it grows too 

 luxuriantly. 



Diseases. The pear tree is liable to injury from the slug- 

 worrn, which usually appears on the upper surface of the leaves, 

 in the month of July. They may be easily destroyed by sift- 

 ing air-slaked lime over them. The curcitlio is also an enemy 

 of the pear tree; and may be treated in the manner already 

 described under the head of the apple tree. The fire blight is 

 another serious disease which often attacks this tree. 



"One reason," says Mr. GOODSELL, "why horticulturists 

 have not made more satisfactory discoveries as to the cause of 

 this disease is, that they have not commenced their examina- 

 tions sufficiently early, and have been led to watch the progress 

 of it after the first cause has ceased to operate. 



"I am inclined to think that careful examinations will sup- 

 port the following conclusions. 



"First That the blight in pear, apple, and quince trees, 

 is occasioned by an insect. 



"Secondly That it is communicated to the pistil of the 

 flower at the time that organ is in its greatest perfection, or 

 during the expansion of the flower. 



"Thirdly That it gradually spreads from the point of in- 

 fection to other parts of the tree, in a manner similar to morti- 

 fication in the animal kingdom. 



"Fourthly That it is as capable of being communicated 

 by inoculation as the small-pox. 



"Fifthly That no tree has it, unless by inoculation, until 

 it has produced flowers. 



"In support of the first conclusion, so far as we have observed this disease, 

 it has spread from the place where it first commenced in an orchard in every 

 direction, without reference to the general course of the wind at the time; and 

 as the quince does not come into flower until after the pear has shed its flower, 

 it cannot be attributed to an intermixture of pollen from the pear tree. 



"That it commences at the point of the pistil has been evident from every 



