14 ENOLOGICAL STUDIES. 



The results for 1909 are summarized by varieties, bringing together 

 all the samples collected in each locality. These data are found in 

 Table II (p. 21). The composite samples from the individual wine 

 cellars are arranged together without reference to the locality from 

 which the crops came. 



The year 1909 was remarkable for the very heavy crop of fruit 

 borne on the vines. It was commonly remarked by the growers 

 that such an abundant crop had seldom been produced. But 

 unfortunately the latter part of the season was very unpropitious 

 for the ripening of the load of fruit with which the Catawba vines 

 were weighed down. Cold, rainy weather set in when the main 

 crop was barely colored, and this continued with slight intermission 

 until actual freezes injured the foliage, with the result that in some 

 vineyards a considerable portion of the crop did not mature and was 

 either a total loss or was sold at low prices from $12 to $15 per ton. 

 A considerable number of these pale Catawba samples were tested for 

 sugar and acid and found to run from 2 to 4 per cent lower in sugar 

 and about 2 per mille, i. e., per 1,000, or 0.2 per cent, higher in acid 

 than the average mature grapes. In 1909 every variety to which 

 special attention has been called (namely, Clinton, Concord, Ives, 

 and Norton of the red-juice grapes, and Catawba, Delaware, and 

 lona of the white-juice grapes), shows a sugar content from 1 to 4 

 per cent lower than in 1908, and the acid is higher. Yet even in this 

 admittedly very unfavorable year the grapes were, on the whole, of a 

 good quality. It is notable that out of 16 samples of Catawba juice 

 secured from a single cellar only 2 fell below the average of 16.31 

 per cent of sugar for the entire 84 samples from all sources in Ohio, 

 and that the acid was only slightly higher than the average in 8 

 instances out of the 16. Thus even in a bad crop year it is shown 

 that fruit of very fair quality can be selected. The 16 juice samples 

 mentioned were from selected crops bought for making champagne 

 wine and indicate that the quality of the fruit can be greatly affected 

 by the method of growing the crop. 



INVESTIGATION OF 1910. 



The season of 1910 was marked by the almost total failure of the 

 grape crop in some sections of the northern fruit belt, due to the 

 severe late spring frosts. However, the Lake Erie and central 

 New York districts gave about 40 to 60 per cent of a crop. On the 

 whole the quality of the crop was in most instances quite equal to 

 that of 1908. The sampling work was extended to cover more fully 

 the two districts mentioned, and a few samples of Concord grapes were 

 secured from Michigan. The manipulation of the samples was the 

 same as previously noted, and all deferred analyses were completed 

 by December 20, 1910. A large number of varieties were analyzed 



