99 



KNOWLEDGE ♦ 



[November 1, 1887. 



and seconiUy, aiming at the most complete and universal 

 development of the altruistic character. We will not 

 diminish the pleasure with which the reader will peruse 

 this volume by any more detailed analysis of its contents. 

 Suffice it to say that Mr. Thompson has made a real and 

 enduring contribution to ethical philosophy. 



Labour, Leisure, and Liixunj. By Alex. Wylie. (Lon- 

 don : Longmans, Green, & Co. 1887.) — To any philanthro- 

 pist who is anxious to celebrate the Jubilee year by doing 

 permanent good to a large and important section of his 

 fellow-countrymen, we would commend the idea of the cir- 

 culation, broadcast, among the working population of Great 

 Britain of Mr. Wylie's most excellent little volume. As an 

 antidote to the dangerous sophisms and interested rant of 

 Champion, George, Hyndman, and Co., it would be difficult 

 to find anything to surpass it. 



Manual of Bacteriology/. By Edgar M. Crookshank, 

 M.B., F.R.M.S. Second' Edition. (London : H. K. Lewis. 

 1887.) — Very appreciable justification of the praise which 

 we bestowed upon the first edition of Mr. Crooksbank's 

 beautiful work (on page 134 of our ninth volume) is to be 

 found in the fact that after so comparatively short a lapse of 

 time, a second has been called for. Our author has taken 

 advantage of this to add considerably to his work in its 

 original form. The new chapters on Antiseptics and Dis- 

 infectants, and on Immunity, possess high interest for others 

 besides the mere specialist. It would beiaipossible to praise 

 too highly the very beautifid plates with which the volume 

 is so liberally illustrated. 



A Photograph, and How to Take It. By " One Who 

 Knows." (London : E. G. Wood. 1887.)— This is a trea- 

 tise on photographic manipulation for the very beginner, 

 and the instruction it contains is given in such simple 

 language as to be intelligible to the meanest capacity. It is 

 followed by a catalogue of apparatus and materials sold by 

 its publisher. 



Tips in Algebra, by Rev. A. D. Capel, M.A. (London : 

 Joseph Hughes. 1887) ; Questions in Psijchology, Ethics, 

 and Metaphi/sics, by F. Ryland, M.A. (London : Swan 

 Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co. 1887) ; Cliehiistrij for Begin- 

 ners, hyU. L. Taylor, F.l.C, F.C.S. (London: Sampson 

 Low, Marston, Searle, & Riviugton. 1887) ; Descriptive 

 Geomefri/ and Graphic Arithmetic, by W. S. BiNNS (London : 

 Simpkin, Mai-shall, &. Co.); Euclid's Elements of Geometry, 

 Book I., arranged by A. E. Layng, M.A. (London : Blackie 

 & Son). — The somewhat heterogeneous assemblage of books 

 whose titles head this notice possess one attribute in 

 common, and that is that they are one and all written as 

 aids to the miserable examinee in that delightful system now 

 in vogue for obtaining public servants which we have so 

 slavishly copied from the Chinese. They are worthy of 

 being devoted to more useful and laudable ends than that 

 of being employed as mere cram books. To take a single 

 illustration, Mr. Binns's " Graphic Arithmetic " will come 

 almost as a revelation to a very large number indeed of his 

 readers. 



Photography. — Messrs. Marion & Co., of Soho Square, London, 

 have just introduced a universal ten-per-cent. solution for develop- 

 ing, which promises to be of great assistance to amateur and pro- 

 fessional pliDtngraphers. The hitherto complicated formulas for 

 developing plates manufactured by different firms may now he 

 dispensed with, as everything is made easy to the operator by the 

 use of this solution. Precise instructions are given on e.ach bottle 

 as to the quantities required for tlie jjlates of tlie principal makers 

 in general use at the present time. The solution has simply to be 

 poured into a bottle, no weights or measures are necessary, and no 

 mistakes can ever occur if the directions fixed on the bottle are 

 complied with. 



THE FACE OF THE SKY FOR NOVEMBER. 



E are apparently approaching a period of sunspot 

 minimum pretty rapidly, and days pass without 

 visible signs of disturbance on the sun's disc. 

 4t the beginning of the month the zodiacal light 

 still lingers to the south of east before sunrise. 

 Map xi. of " The Stars in their Seasons" shows 

 the face of the night skv. Minima of Algol 

 ("The Stars in their Seasons," map xii) will 

 occur at th. 59m. P M. on November 1st; at 

 9h. 52m. P.ll. on the tSth ; at 6h. 41m. P.M. on the 21st; and at 

 other times more inconvenient to the amateur observer. Mercury 

 comes into inferior conjunction with the sun on the 17th, and is an 

 evening star after that date, but is very badly placed for the 

 observer. Venus is a morning star, and is a brilliant object to the 

 sotith of east about 3h. A.M. She still exhibits a beautiful orescent 

 in the tele.scope. She is in Virgo ("The Stars in their Seasons," 

 map v.). Mars is, for our present purpose, invi.sible ; and .Jupiter 

 absolutelj' so. Saturn rises about 10 o'clock at night at the 

 beginning of the month, and soon after Sh. P M. at the end of it. 

 His ring system will be seen to be very slowly clo.sing up. He will 

 be found a little to the west and north of 5 (Jancri (" The Stars in 

 their Seasons," map iii.). Uranus cannot be seen until 1888; but 

 Neptune is to be found in the blank part of the sky S.S.E. of the 

 Pleiades (" The Seasons Pictured," map xii.). The moon enters 

 her last quarter at 5h. 2m. in the afternoon of the 8th ; is new at 

 Sh. 8-4m. a.m. on the 15th ; enters her first quarter at lOh. 43m. in 

 the morning of the 22nd; and is full at 3h. 20-lm. P.M. on the 

 30th. She will occult seven stars at convenient hours during the 

 month, besides others during the early morning ones. On the 6th, 

 ff Geminorutu, a star of the 5Jth magnitude, will disappear at the 

 moon's bright limb at lOh. 34m. P.M. at an angle from her vertex of 

 338°. It will reappear at her dark limb at lOh. 51m. P M.. at an 

 angle of 302° from her vertex. Before she rises on the 8th she will 

 have occulted 7 Leonis, a Cjth magnitude star. Later it will re- 

 appear at her dark limb, at llh. Sra. P M., at an angle from her 

 vertex of 182°. On the 18th, 33 Sagittarii, a star of the 5th 

 magnitude, will disappear at the dark limb at 4h. 23m. P.M , at an 

 angle of 38° from the vertex of the moon. It will reappear at her 

 bright limb at 4h. 50ra. p M , at a vertical angle of 1°. Later on, 

 at Gh. 2m. P.M., ^- Sagittarii, of the 4th majnitude, will disappear 

 at the dark limb at an angle of 103° from the moon's vertex, re- 

 appearing at her bright limb at 7h. 5m. P.M., at .an angle from 

 her vertex of 330°. On the 20th, B.A.C. 7202, of the 6th magnitude, 

 will disappear at the dark limb at 4h. 46m. P.M., at a vertical angle 

 of 124°. It will reappear at the brigiit limb of the moon at 

 6h. 2m. P.M. at an angle of 279° from her vertex. Next at 

 5h. 35m. P.M. B.A.C. 7209, of the 6^th magnitude, will disappear at 

 the dark limb at an angle of 159° from the moon's vertex. It will 

 reappear at her bright limb at 6h. 32m. P.M. at a vertical angle of 

 259°. And, finally, 19 Capricorni, a star of the 6th magnitude, will 

 disappear at the dark limb of the moon at 8h. 30m. p.m. at an angle 

 of 114° from her vertex, but she will have set prior to its reappear- 

 ance at her bright limb. When the.^e notes begin the moon is in 

 Aries (" The Seasons Pictured," plate xxiii.), but at 10 o'clock 

 to-night passes into Taurus. She is travelling through Taurus 

 until 8h. P.M. on the 4th, when she reaches the boundary of the 

 northern prolongation of Orion It takes her just 12 hours to cross 

 this, and at 8h. A.M. on the 5th she emerges in Gemini ("The 

 Seasons Pictured," plate xxiv.). She is m Gemini until 4h. 30m. 

 A.M. on the 7th. when she quits it for Cancer. She has completed 

 her journey across Cancer by 6h. P.M. on the 8th, at which hour she 

 enters Leo. Here she cuntinues until 6h. 30m. A.M on the 11th, 

 when she passes into Virgo ("The Seasons Pictured," plate xxv.). 

 Her passage through Virgo terminates at 3h. A.M. on the 14 th, and she 

 quits that constellation for Libra (" The Seasons Pictured," plate 

 xxvi.). As she traverses Libra she comes, at 8h. P.M. on the 15th, 

 to the western edge of the narrow northern spike of Scorjjio, and 

 when, by 4h. 30m. the next morning, she h.as traversed this, it is to 

 emerge in Ophiuchus. She passes out of Ophiuchus into Sagitt.arius 

 at 5h. P.M. on the 17th. She leaves Sagittarius and enters Caprl- 

 cornus at midnight on the 19th ("The Seasons Pictured," plate 

 xxi ). She remains in Capricornus until Ih. A.M. on the 22nd, and 

 then quits it for Aquarius, leaving Aquarius, in turn, for Pisces at 

 8h. A M. on the 24th (" The Seasons Pictured," plate sxii.). In her 

 journey through this great straggling constellation she enters on the 

 confines of Cetus at 2h. A.M. on the 25th. At 9h. A.M. on the 2!ith 

 she re-emerges in Pisces, ouly, however, once more to enter a part 

 of Cetus at lib. 30m. A.M. on the 27th. When she finally quits this, 

 at 3h. A.M. on the 2Sth, it is toenter Aries (" The Seasons Pictured, ' 

 plate xxiii.). At 5h. A.M. on the 29th she, for the second time this 

 month, leaves Aries for Taurus, and has not completed her journey 

 through the last-named constellation when our notes terminate. 



