216 



♦ KNOWLEDGE ♦ 



[July 2, 1888. 



now 32. B X Kt, R x B seemed a compensating move, but it is not 

 so, for White would then replr B to QS, winning tlie exchange. 



32. E X EP 32. Kt to Q t 



33. B to B.sq 33. B to B3 

 U. Q to Q2 3i. Kt to Q2 

 3.5. KxP 3.5. Kt to B4 

 3G. B X Kt 36. Q X B 



37. Pv to Esq 37. Q to Kt3 



38. E X P 38. K to Esq 



39. Kt X B 31). E X Kt 



Black took with the Eook in order to cxchai-:ge the White Rook, 

 wliicli acts as a protection to the King, in the hope of tlien being 

 better able to mcniice White's position by means of the open Rook's 

 tile and ihe co-operation of Eook and Queen. 



40. R >. R 40. P X R 



Black, of course, relies upon the Queen commanding tlie im- 

 portant diagonal leading to Qo and KB7, for the potsibility of a 

 counter attack. 



41. B to B4 



Black. 



White. 



Black, althougli he is 3 Pawns behind, has obtained what he was 

 jilaying for, namely an open game. 



Now in tliis position there are various points to be considered. 

 Firstly, if Black plays his R to RG or R8, White might probably advance 

 his Pawns, Black could never plav his Knight away, as White 

 could then play E to BS (ch), followed by Q to Q7 (ch). The Black 

 Queen is also confined to the diagonal she occupies on account of 

 tlie check on E5. Nevertliele.ss, there are four moves at Black's 

 disposal. The move actually played was weak, namely — 



41. Ktto KG 



42. BxP 42. Kt to BS 



43. Q to Kt4 



.anil the position is hopeless as Black now has only one check, and 

 he must exchange Queens. 



Another move, which under circumstances might have been 

 possible, but must now be dismissed as useless, is 41. R to E7. If 

 now 42. Q X R, White will have no difficulty in avoiding the per- 

 petual check consequent on Q to Q5 (ch). 43. K to B2, Q to I'.G (ch). 



44. K to Ktsq, Q to K8 (ch). 45. K to E2, Kt to BG(ch). 4G. 

 K to Kt2, Kt to Q8 (ch). 47. K to B2, Kt to KG (ch). 48. K to Q3, 

 and White will escape the perpetual check. 



A more likely move was 



41. R to Qsq 

 If now 42. B-f Kt 42. RxB 



If he does not take the Kt, While is threatened with many dangers, 

 which promise to yield drawing chances ; 



43. Q to K2 4.3. Q to Q5 (oil) 



44. K to R2 44. K to KUq 



45. Q to Ksq 45. K to Bsq 



46. Q to K2 46. K to Ktsq 



and we fail to see that White can do anything but accept the draw, 

 by playing 



48. Q to Ksq 



45. Q to R2 is useless, for Black simplv answers Q to Q8, compelling 

 White to play 49. Q to R8 (ch), R to Q.sq. 50. R to B8, and Black 

 draws by perpetual check. 



Yet another move was 



41. Q to Kt8 

 threalenirg to win the Qaetn ; but then White could reply 

 42, B to Q2, as Black dare not move his Rook to H7 on account of 

 Q to R5 (ch) and Q to Q8 mate. White could also venture on giving 

 up his Queen by playing 42. BxKtR-R7, 43. E x P (ch) with a 

 good prospect of winning. 



THE HANDY CHART OF CHESS OPENINGS.'* 

 Mr. Allan Greenwell, of the Newcastle Chess Club, has adopted 

 an old idea, and made it serve a useful purpose. His "Handy 

 Chart of Chess Openings" is, properly speaking, an index to all the 

 Opening.^ and it is compiled in the manner of a tree, which makes it; 

 ea.'^y, after but a slight survey, to trace almost every move that is 

 ordinarily played to the class of Opening to which it belongs. Of 

 course it it is desired to follow up any particular variation, then a 

 handbook on the Openings must be consulted. Nevertheless, 

 although the chart, as before said, does nothing more than index 

 the various Openings, it appears to us to be of invaluable service, as 

 it brings within bird's-eye view the whole vastly complicated 

 system of the Che^s Openings, enabling ever}' one to make himself 

 familiar with the Openings, a knowledge which they might not 

 otherwise acquire in a lifetime. We give a few specimens of this 

 chart, which should be in possession of every chess-player. 



We would suggest that four more of these charts sboulil be 

 issued, namely, one for the King's Knight's Opening, one for the 

 ni>hop's Openings, one for the King's Gambits, and one for the 

 Queen's Gambits. Thus completed, they woulel be extremely 

 useful. 



An untimely draw occurred the other day, which is worth 

 recording, as it presents this curious fact, that a strong player was 

 forced, very much against his will, to accept a draw after merely 

 ten moves had been played. Theoretically this seems almost an 

 impossibility, but practically such positions do occur. The game 

 was played as follows : — 



1. P toK4 1. Pto K4 



2. Pto QB3 2. P toQ4 



3. Kt to KB3 • 3. Ktto QB3 

 4 B to Kt5 4. Q to Q:i 



5. Q to R4 5. B to Q2 



fi. P X P 0. Q X P 



7. Castles 7. B to Q3 



8. Pto Qt S. Pto K5 



9. Kt to Kt5 9. P 10 KR3 

 10. B to Bi 10. PxKt 



White now takes the Queen, and Black draws by perijetual check. 



Published by Franklin's, Ncwcastlc-on-Tyne, price 6t/. 



Land above the Sea Level. — Mr. John Murray (of Challenger 

 Expedition fame) has read a paper before the Royal Society on the 

 height and volume of the dry land, and the depth and volume of 

 the ocean. Only 2 per cent, of the entire ocean is included inside 

 a depth of 500 fathoms, whilst 77 per cent, of the area lies between 

 500 and 3,000 fathoms, and the mean deptli of the ocean is 12,480 

 feet. The mean height of the l.md above the sea level is 2,250 feet ; 

 so ihat if all the land were utilised to fill up hollows in the earth's 

 surface the sea would cover it to a uniform depth of two miles. 



Contents of No. 32. 



PAQS 



Shnkespeare Self-Drawn. By " Ben- 



volio" 1C9 



Force and Eoeipv 171 



The Star Story of the Flood 173 



Growth 'f tte Alps 176 



Simple Mechanical Tricks depend- 

 ing on Gravity 178 



The Dragon and the Great 



Ship 180 



The Planet Mars ISl 



The New Astronomy 181 



PAGE 



Sliakespeare and Donnelly ISi 



Notes on Americanisms IS'l 



Origin of Life 185 



Gossip. By Richard A. Proctor 18.3 



Reviews 187 



The Face of the Sky for June. 



By F.RA.S 1S9 



Our Chess Column. By " Me- 



phisto" 190 



Our "Whist Column. By "Five of 



Clubs" 191 



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