July 31, 1885.] 



KNOWLEDGE ♦ 



abovi', I 

 the Ji.H 

 additi. 



,.f < 



in each of which it ( 



other detached jilays, 

 /,■,,„.,■'. ].l„y of S. Tlio, 



. r A 



of the Iiinoc'iifs. One ih^vil iiumed Mci 

 thunder and " a fyeryng-, comyng in 1 

 roryine," and informs " Belzal," -with 

 Apostle's converpion, ex pre?- 1 112- his oj 

 devyl's Liw will now !„■ rln,,- ,ln\v,i,. 



Tl. 



agree 





s n,ll folln\ 



matter, ainl ( liei 

 tempest." M;n 

 Devil, with (he 

 and the histui-y 

 of this niumiscViiit is of the i-ei<rn of Henry Vll. 



Among- the lost ])lays, :\lisK Toulmin Sliiithf refers to 

 one, perhaps belonging to a series called the " Play of 

 the Lord's Prayer," of which Wyclif, who died in 1384, 

 speaks in his advocacy of the translation of the BiLle as 

 the " paternoster in English tongue, as men seyen in the 

 play of York." Is would appear to have been more of 

 the Morality type, certain qualities being personified, 

 and was so popular that a guild of men and women was 

 established for the purpose of keeping it up. Another 

 series of lost plays, based on the Greed, was performed in 

 York every tenth year by the guild of Corpus Christi, 

 liiud there was also, in the same city, the universally-acted 

 play of S. George, which elsewhere, as at Windsor, was 

 exhibited more as a S])ectacular pageant or pantomime 

 (i.e. in dumb show) than as a drama, the saint "ridyng 

 and fightyng with the dragon, with his spere in his 



NOTES ON MAPPING. 



By Richard A. Proctor. 



{Continued from p. 8.) 

 THE EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION. 



THE equal surface projection dealt with in my last 

 paper on innpiiinL', tliongh useful for sjiecial pur- 



Equality of :ir(;i I 

 consideralilc disi' 

 surface of a f,'l.i| 



this, of , 



projectio 



I hav( 



There ;n 

 glob,-, or 

 forinsf,, 

 cylh.lr,. 



MysU 



cans done with the subject of eqnal- 



I shall have hereafter, a good deal 



I abinit the special method of e(|ual- 



of J 



llt'll. 



1/ ily^U 



"Tho Detceiit into Hull." Toundeii My.-^tcric,-:, So. 25, "Ei- 

 tractio animaruni ab inferno." Cf. also Cursor Miindi, 11. 17,840- 

 18,450. 



t York ilyslerics, xxix., and SCO aUo Appx. II., pp. Uiv.-Ixviii. 

 for complete list, as far a8 known, of places anil plays in Cii-sat 

 liritain and Ireland. 



1867.* These methods are describeil and illustrated in 

 my "I'Issays on Astronomy," but as tliat uork is nearly 

 out of print, and no new edition will l)e' issued, I sliall 

 .shortly lake occasion to describe th<' methods iu these 



For (lir prrsi-iii, 1 tuni fi'i. Ill till' .'i|iiil--ui-f:iec projec- 

 linii, 1(1 the e(Hii.lisf:iTif i-iMJc-diciii. wlii^'h I take to be on 

 11,0 «hnl., ].y f;,,- (he hest proj.c-liMi fnr all maj s of large 



■ Jr.twn, will probably be always pr.ftrr 

 mall areas, — as countries like Englai) 

 on the earth, and constellations on t 



all 



either the equal-surface nor the equi- 

 are jirojections at all. For, a projection 

 spherical or other curved surface signifies 

 hich straight lines drawn from a fixed 



ed. 



lutlin 



leet s 



! other 



A projection in mapping is 

 ^ice. The Gnomonie, Stcreo- 

 jirojeetioiis, are all properly 

 ail-urfiM-r method described 

 til as a SI rl of double projec- 



surfae<-. plane or c 

 always made .m a p 

 graphic, and Ortlio 

 called projections, 

 in my last may l'^ 



sphere of twice its radius, and' froii, the highest point of 

 the sphere, all outlines on the sphere tire projected ujion 

 the hemisphere: and then from a imint tit an infinite 

 distance vertically above the heniisi.here, the outlines 

 so obtained are projected upon a horizontal plane, the 

 projection thus formed will be the central eq^ual-surface 

 projection described in my last. The so-called equi- 

 distant projection is not however a projection even in 

 this sort ; but purely a method of construction. 



It is true a projection rallnl the ii|iiiilist:.,nt ti.nd some- 

 times the ylvhaiir \\as sugu-cstnl lai^- .ago, by tllC 

 French mathemat i.ian Lahiiv, in A\liich a jioipt V 

 (Ki^. 1) was (akeii a( such a .listaiicc on .W ) a, a ditimeter 

 cftlicspluTr. ,M...luciil,llial a sTirrlit line l>(', to C the 

 |,ls,,-tion of Ihc .|u:Mlraiil .\ C I'.. Mm, id .V li in c. But 

 this 111, 'tlioil .le,s not I r-J.cl all ,^,a,l a f,s along AB 

 into ,,iiial lines al.ai-- o'H. Nor lias it auy practical 



til, .tight, it wirth \\hilc to e.iustriict a chart on this plan. 

 Helambre suggested the true equidistant construction, 

 which may be defined as a construction in whicTl all points 



* It was snbsoquently reinvented by Professor P. Smyth, and 

 employed to show that tho Great Pyramid is the centre of the 

 land-Burface of the earth - which is absurd ; to such base nses may 

 the best laid plans of men (and mice) be brought ! 



