Sept. 11, 1885.] 



♦ KNOWLEDGE 



This discrepancy is now being remedied bj- tlic publica- 

 tion by the Government Geological Survey of tivu sets of 

 geological maps for each district ; the one showing the 

 deep-seated rocks only, while the other — called the 

 " Drift Maps " — show the exact nature of the rock, be it 

 " solid " or " superficial," which actually forms the surface 

 at any given point. With this preliminary explanation, 

 we will pass on to the special subject of our paper — the 

 rocks of that rising sea-side resort, Hunstanton. 



Neighbourhood of 



southwards, 



Hun'ston, as the native familiarly terms it, lies at the 

 eastern corner of the Wash, facing the North Sea, and is, 

 of course, in the county of Norfolk. It is well supplied 

 with railway accommodation, in connection with the 

 Great Eastern, Great Northern, and Midland Railway 



systems, and has grown very rapidl}' during the last few 

 years. There are two villages— Old Hunstanton and 

 Hunstanton St. Edmund's — divided by 

 cliffs, ninety feet in hr-io-lit. Stnndiutr 



irch) i 



Boston Ch 

 the noi-th- 

 the same white rock a 

 clear that at some time 

 line of chalk hilli 

 called the Wash, ii 

 chalk. To. .,.„,;: 

 and \v,t; 



Tli-'i : !.•■!. 

 ilittl. 



of chalk 

 e chalky 

 : iwer of 

 -hile to 

 rmed of 



It i.' 



other the sea has Ireaelicd the 

 and then hollowed out the ef~tuar}-, 

 the softer strata which lie below the 

 I'm - I 11 r rocks, we must descend, 



, .-, tinged yellow or red by 



3 beach at Hunstanton, 



liti', are sandstones belonging 



of t 



■ 'T ' 



and form 



to the Lower G-reensand, a subdivision of the Lower 

 Cretaceous or Neocomian foi-mation of geological text- 

 books. Our map (Fig. 1), which i'^ n rt'lnrtinn r.f th 

 Geological Survey map, recently ]'i'.']';iri'l 1", t!i:ii uxr 

 lent geologist, Mr. W. Whitak.r, VA,.-^.. !,.-..-■ tl .s 

 Loicer Greensand, es.i&aAing soullns ai-.l> |a^i .Sm i i i.-liain 

 to Dersingham, Sandringham, kc. The pits in winch the 

 stone is worked round Snettisham should be carefully 

 examined. The upper division of this sandstone has 

 been hardened by an infiltration of water containing 

 oxide of iron, which has acted as a cement to bind the 

 grains of sand together. This hard, sandy rock is called 

 "Carstone" — perhaps from " Quernstone " — since its 

 gritty nature would make it suitable for the old hand- 

 mills or querns once used to grind corn. It rises into 

 picturesque, low, wooded hills between Hunstanton and 

 Sandringham ; the presence of a bed of clay jnst here, 

 between the two divisions of the Greensaii'l i- i-.-ly: -..l by 

 a vigorous growth of oaks, while firs flour; ' ' \y 



beds above and below. This clay is wciv i m 



brickyard. The " Carstone "—also calh-l ' - -■ ' ' '1 

 stone" — is used for building, while thr \••\\^'■. -itw 

 sands are shipped for glass-making. The C':.r>!' iif a' the 

 base of Hunstanton clifi contains numerous small | i liMes 

 of quartz, <S:c. ; of fossils there are but li\\. iii!;iiiig 

 some rolled ammonites. The total 1 1 

 Lower Greoisand is not much more i t 



Hunstanton, and if we could pierce tlui ; _ 1 



find it underlain by a dark, tenacious l.., — -- -- 

 meridge Clay — which was indeed reached iu a deep 

 boring farther east, at Holkham, at a depth of 743 feet. 

 {To he continued.) 



VARIATION OF A NEBULA. 



of Satiu-dny 



rHE following appeared in the Ti 

 last :— 



"SiK,— A circular, dated 



^of Do 



•pal), slari.h 



f.und by 

 ease look 



" From an examination of this nebula last night with 

 a six-iiuh refractor, I can confirm his statement that 

 there 1 ■. \..riii; II, an 1 tliat of a most wonderful kind, 

 as 1 li I 1 I In 111! ;ij<- of being able to compare 



the pr> '■• I i' ! i-vrilx u it h a photograph I took last 

 year (.Aa^a-t \i'>. 



" The centre of this nebula has Iiitherto always been 

 noted as a bright condensation of the nebulous matter, 



