KNOWLEDGE 



not reach her will go over yonder hill." But this is 

 the moon is low. It requires much higher aims, n 

 thought, and a more steadfast resolution to combine due regard 

 for others with the necessary care of self than even to try to 

 carry out the purely altruistic system. But if this may be 

 said of the honest attempt to do that, what shall be 

 said of the false and dishonest system by which millions 

 talk of doing It, and never think of even trying to ? That is no 

 lofty ideal.— C. E. P. Many thanks ; all of those are coming. We 

 have a whole bookful ready. What we should like to have noticed 

 would be any omissions in the alphabetical list. "Spank" for 

 "whip," as you say, and "whip" for "beat" (in the sense of 

 " conquer "). " Begin " (" doesn't begin to ") is the only one in 

 your list which needs noting. — F. C. Have not seen the tablet or 

 the Rev. Dr. Howley's ailment about Taurus and the Deluge. At 

 a venture— bosh.— J. A. Ollabd. You are an old friend of 

 Knowledge; but as for being "fair," I have had four years of 

 hard work on Knowledge for others entirely ; I know of no law 

 of fairness which forbids my easing up a little. If but a few of our 

 friends had done each but a little to help, I might have gone on. 

 — Astro. 1. I| don't know; if you were to look up the 

 last edition (which you can do quite as readily as I) you would 

 see. 2. Nobody believes now in a cool solar nucleus. 3. Not 

 ha\-ing the latest edition, cannot say; but as it was published 

 several years after Herschel's death,' I presume he made no 

 such alteration in it. — Isabella Terrell. Thanks. Letter 

 and form of the tracings shall appear.— Cosimextatoe. We send 

 on no MS. to correspondents, in that way : have not " G.'s " address, 

 even. As regards the admiration you mention, you must be mis- 

 taken : I have never expressed any such feeling. — H. E. Brandon. 

 See notices to correspondents. — M.Volk. Cannot devote space to 

 your purpose. — A. S. Barnes. Tour criticisms justified. Albeit 

 cause and eflfect are really interchanged. Thus clouds are caused 

 by lowering of temperature ; but they also cause the temperature 

 to fall in places which they shadow — in the summer-time. And so 

 on.— Thomas Willcocks.' Quite agree with all yon say. Those 

 have been my views for many years. — E. Lewins. Glad you are 

 pleased.— Edward Noehis. Many thanks. Book has not yet 

 been forwarded to me at York, but doubtless will soon be. — P. J. 

 Beveridge. I really cannot. Readers object, and very properly, 

 to the introduction of letters which only indicate how and in what 

 degree the writer has misconceived some matter. That is all 

 your letter amounts to. Darwin admitted that one cannot 

 always see in what way the balance in the struggle for life may 

 be affected by some special peculiarity. But admitting this is not 

 giving up the belief that when the balance of advantages h affected, 

 however slightly, the circumstance will tell in the long run.— F. 

 PCLLINGEE. A short answer would be worth nothing. — H. 0. C. 

 It might be so, if it were so ; but it is not so. Y'ou never saw cattle 

 and trees magnified by a fog. You thought you did, but yon did 

 not. The Olusion is well known. Y'ou see the objects with a 

 certain amount of distinctness, only when they are much nearer 

 then as usually so seen. Hence they occupy a larger space on 

 the retina, and you suppose they are magnified. If the fog suddenly 

 cleared you would not find them grow less, by a hair's breadth. 

 Magnification by a convex lens is quite another thing. — J. Y'our 

 experience, I find, agrees with mine. Albeit, those expressions may 

 still be called Americanisms— except " bilin'," which is too com- 

 monly heard in England to be less English than American. Words 

 and expressions which are localisms or vulgarisms on this side, 

 but used everywhere in America, may, I think, fairly be called 

 Americanisms. Locke is a man who wrote on the Mind : but no 

 matter.- E. A. Gepp. Most certainly we shall keep up our Whist. 

 — H. A. Miles. Thanks.— A Subscriber from the First. I 

 think with you. But he is a ncll-meaning nuisance.— J. G. G. Do 

 not know.— J. G. S. The nebula is not near any star shown in 

 those elementary maps. It is shown in my " Stars in their 

 Seasons."— R. Lewins, M.D. " It will go near to be thought so, 

 shortly." — A Subscriber. Some say the yolk, others the white. 

 I should say the yolk myself. As to human hair growing after 

 death, I have heard stories to that effect. Safest not to believe 



Next years British Association is to be held in Birmingham, and 

 that for 1887 in Manchester, the latter having been chosen in pre- 

 ference to Bath. 



We are pleased to notice that there is considerable prospect of 

 the system of train-lighting on the London, Brighton, and South 

 Coast Railway, which was described in Knowledge, No. 174, p. 168, 

 being shortly extended. Its many advantages are apparent. We 

 hear that the system tried on the Great Eastern was an expensive 

 one, inasmuch as seven engines had to be fitted with dynamo, &c., 

 to maintain a single train, consequent on the fact that while 

 carriages can be kept constantly running, engines cannot. 



©ur Ct)rss Column* 



By MEpnisTO. 



ILLU.STRATIVE GAME No. 11. 



A COMMON error, even amongst many good players, occurs when 

 receiring the odds of Pawn and move or Pawn and two 

 moves from a first class player. They imagine that by avoiding 

 hasty attacks, and merely playing a steady game, they will be able 

 to win finally with the extra' Pawn. This is, however, not so, and 

 the belief is soon dispelled after a little experience of first-class 

 play. Purely defensive play or heedless attacks are both equally 

 weak. ^VTien receiving the odds of Pawn and moves, it is quite 

 correct, immediately after the Opening moves, not to make an 

 attack against any particular point. But the thing is to attack the 

 positUm as a n-hoJe. This advice holds good, more or less, for every 

 Opening. For if your own pieces are well developed and the 

 opponents position is cramped, then surely enough favourable 

 opportunities for a specific attack will soon be found. But in- 

 activity in the Opening, as in the following game, will enable the 

 stronger player to get over the disadvantage of position, and take 

 the attack in hand himself. 



Game played September 12 at the odds of Pawn and two moves : 



Remove Black's King's Bishop's Pawn. 



■White. Black. i Wlite. Black. 



r. J. Lee. J. Gunsberg. F. J. Lee. J. Gunsberg. 



1. P to K4 '• 18. R to B2 P to Kt5 



2. P to Q4 P to KKtS ; 19. Kt to Kt sq. QR to KB sq. 



3. B to Q3 P to Kt3 20. P to Kt3 P to QR4 



4. Kt to KB3 B to KKt2 ; 21. P x BP (0 QP x P 



5. P to B3 B to Kt2 22. Kt to Q2 (m) Kt to Q4 (n) 



6. Castles (a) P to K3 ■ 23. R to K sq. Kt x B (o) 



7. KttoR3(J) KttoK2 24. R x Kt PxP 



8. Kt to KKtS (c) Castles , 25. R x P Q x P Cp) 



9. P to KB4 P to B4 ((f) 26. R x P Q to K6 



10 B to K3 P to KR3 (f) 27 R to K4 (q) Q to R2 (r) 



11 KttoE3(/) PtoQ4 I 28 B to Kt3 R to K sq 



12 P to K5 (</) P to B5 29 Q to Kt3 



13 B to QBi Ptj E3 (^) ' 



Kt to Q5 



14. r tu KKtl (,/; QKt to B3 30. R to K sq. E to B2 («) 



15. Q to K sq. P to QKt4 31. P to B5 R to B8! (<) 



16. Q to E4 Q to K2 i 32. Q to K3 Kt to B6(ch) (w) 



17. QR to Q sq. 0) K to B2 (i) • Resigns 



(a) Here we have the first illustration of our above remark. 

 There is nothing to be said against Castling in itself, except that 

 it is not a sufliciently active move, and gives Black time to 

 develope. By not Castling too soon, 'U'hite resen-es himself the 

 chance of att'ackina- tlie weak K's side and Castling QR. Thus, for 

 instance, 6. B to KKt5 would develope apiece and at the same time 

 prevent Black from playing P to K3. Should Black attempt to 

 play P to KE3 in reply to 6. B to KKto, then White will retire his 

 B to E4, but Black will have a dangerously weak spot on KKt3, 

 and there is nothing to prevent White from reaching it after he 

 plays P to K5. 



(*) Giving Black more time ; a highly important element in this 



(c) His idea being to advance the KBP. But as he may have 

 to retire that Kt later on, it is obvious that it would save a move to 

 play P to KB4 before playing out the Kt to KB3. 



(rf) Black has nothing to fear from ASTiite playing P to KB5. 

 Black utilises the first moment after having secured his K to 

 attack White's centre. White, by defending it, gives Black time for 

 further development. 



(c) Driving the Kt back, in order to be able to move his KP or 



