2 



DISCOVERY 



of which one-sixth of the cost is borne by the muni- 

 cipality, two-sixths by the State, and three-sixths by 

 the Reich, is paid to the business concern in which he 

 is apprenticed for the purpose of learning his new 

 trade. The concern has to pay him a fixed sum, usually 

 two-thirds of the trade union standard wage, so long 

 as he is below the average in proficiency at his trade, 

 however unproductive he mav remain during the first 

 weeks. At first sight it would appear that all kinds 

 of disadvantages would accrue to both employers and 

 employed, but the whole scheme is too carefully super- 

 ^ased by Training Committees composed equally of 

 employers and trade union representatives, bj' the Works 

 Councils and by the local emplo\inent exchanges, to 

 admit such possibilities. Nearly all workers remain in 

 the concerns to which they were originally apprenticed 

 under the scheme. 



Apart from individual cases, training on a wholesale 

 scale for new projects is carried out on these lines. This 

 is onlv one of a number of measures for relieving 

 unemplo\'ment. Its purely practical advantages over 

 the dole system are obvious ; it puts the taxpayers' 

 and ratepayers' money to a profitable use ; it provides 

 the unemployed workers with the knowledge of a craft, 

 and in many cases of an extra craft ; it keeps a full 

 store of skilled men against a sudden boom in trade. 



Contributors to this Number 



Mr. E. N. Fallaize is the Hon. Secretary of the Royal 

 Anthropological Institute. Amongst many other activities 

 in the sphere of anthropological research, he has acted as the 

 Recorder of the Anthropology Section of the British Associa- 

 tion since 1906, and has contributed extensively to the litera- 

 ture of his science. During the war he served with the infantry 

 in the Salonica forces. At the Bulgarian .Armistice he was on 

 the Intelligence Staff at G.H.O. in Salonica, and after its con- 

 clusion proceeded to Constantinople. 



Mr. J. U. Powell is the Senior Tutor of St. John Baptist 

 College, Oxford University. A long period of research in Greek 

 history and literature of the fourth and immediately subsequent 

 centuries B.C. has led to his editing in company with Mr. 

 E. A. Barber, and largely writing. New Chapters in the History 

 of Greek Literature, published in the autumn of last year. 



Professor F. E. Weiss is the Harrison Professor of Botany 

 at Manchester University. Amongst the many important 

 positions which he has held at that University has been that 

 of the Vice-Chancellorship, 1913-15. He is fond of the 

 practical side of gardening, and is a mountain-climber. 



Mr. F. A. Hampton was appointed a Lecturer in Physiology 

 at Oxford University in 1914. He was unable to take up his 

 duties owing to the outbreak of war, during which he served 

 from 1914 to the Armistice on the Western Front as medical 

 officer in various cavalry, infantry and air force units, gaining 

 the Militarv Cross. His first-hand knowledge of the effects of 

 fighting on the nervous system was employed after the Armistice 

 at one of our largest hospitals for the treatment of shell-shock. 

 He is now engaged in the treatment of ner\'Ous diseases. 



Mr. Arthur Bowes acted for many years as municipal 

 engineer to the local authorities of Salford and Kewton-in- 

 Makerfield. In 1891 he was elected an Associate Member of 



the Institution of Civil Engineers. He has wxitten widely on 

 engineering and architectural subjects, and recently on lighter 

 subjects of a literary nature. 



Mr. Ro\vl.\nd.s Coldicott, who concludes his notes on 

 Dr. Wolcot, spent several years of research on his subject at 

 Durham and 0.xford Universities before the war. During the 

 war he served with the infantry in France, Salonica, and 

 Palestine. In the advance to Jerusalem he gained the Military 

 Cross, was shot through the lungs a few weeks later on the 

 Mount of Olives, but made a miraculous recovery. At the 

 Armistice he was acting as Education Officer to the cavalry 

 in Belgium. His war book, London Men in Palestine, attained 

 a deserved success. 



The Rhodesian Skull and 

 the Antiquity of Man 



By E. N. Fallaize 



Hon. Secretary, Royal Anthropological Institule 



CoNSiDER.\BLE interest has been aroused bv the 

 announcement made early in November that a human 

 skull of extremely primitive type had been discovered 

 in the Broken Hill Mine in Northern Rhodesia. This 

 skull has now been presented to the Natural History 

 Museum, South Kensington, and has been exhibited 

 by Dr. A. Smith Woodward at a meeting of the 

 Zoological Societv held on November 23. Although 

 when exhibited it had not been subjected to that detailed 

 measurement which will be necessarj' before it can be 

 compared exactly with other types of skulls, it is still 

 possible to indicate its more salient characteristics and 

 to suggest tentatively certain conclusions as to its place 

 in the scale of human development. At the same time, 

 a word of caution is necessary. Past experience has 

 shown that too much insistence cannot be laid upon 

 the conditions of the discovery, and in this case such 

 warning is especially necessary' in view of the currency 

 wliich has been given to claims for a high antiquity for 

 this skull without adequate mention of the qualifica- 

 tions to which those claims are subject. A brief 

 recapitulation of the facts will, therefore, not be out of 

 place. 



The skull was found at the end of a cave which was 

 being excavated for sulphates of zinc and lead. The 

 floor of the cave was composed of fossilised bones of 

 mammals, both large and small, including the remains 

 of elephants, leopards, rhinoceroses, hippopotami, lions, 

 antelopes, etc., and also birds and bats. Of these, there 

 were indications that some had formed the food of 

 hyenas and of man. The skull was found after the 

 removal of some hundreds of tons of these bones. When 

 its possible importance was realised, a further search 

 was made and other himran remains were found, 

 including part of a jaw, part of a sacrum or hip-bone, 

 and parts of the long bones (both femur and tibia). The 



