32 



DISCOVERY 



at the priesthood of Anion in Thebes, and doubtless 

 its members had not accepted their defeat tamely. 

 The throne had lost heavily in prestige by the abandon- 

 ment of the Egyptian empire in Syria, and Tutankh- 

 aten may well have found that some sort of com- 

 promise with the old religion and the old pohtics was 

 becoming a necessity if the throne was to continue to 

 stand. Signs of this are evident even before the deser- 

 tion of Akhetaten. In 1921 the Egypt Exploration 

 Society found there tomb-chapels in which the cus- 

 tomary prayers were inscribed, not to the Aten or 

 Disk, but to Amon — an eloquent sign of the times. 



At the same time, even after his return to Thebes, 

 the king did not wholly give up the worship of the 

 Disk, for in the pylon built by his almost immediate 

 successor, Horemheb (1350 — 1315 B.C.), at Karnak 

 were re-used stones taken from a temple built to the 

 Aton by Amenhotep III, the father of Akhenaten, 

 and contimied, as the fragments of inscription show, 

 by Tutankhaten. We do not even know at what 

 moment he changed his name from Tutankhaten, 

 " Living image of the Disk," to Tutankhamon, " Living 

 Image of Amon," but we may nevertheless see in it 

 a great concession to the old order of things. Eventu- 

 ally, however, he was compelled to go much farther 

 in the way of concession, and to restore the name of 

 Amon which Akhenaten had carefully chiselled out 

 on most of the accessible monuments throughout 

 Egypt. And he was finally forced to restore the old 

 calendar of divine festivals and to celebrate himself 

 the Opet feast of Amon, a fact which we learn from the 

 reliefs in the temple of Luxor. 



His Empire 



The length of his reign in Thebes is again unknown to 

 us, and we have not a single dated object of his. One 

 monument, however, though undated, is of value, for 

 it throws some light on foreign relations. 



In the cliffs of Ournet Murrai at Thebes, not far 

 from Tutankhamon' s newly found tomb in the Valley 

 of the Kings, is cut the rock-tomb of a certain Huy 

 who lived during this reign. He bears the title of 

 " Prince of Kush," which was the name given at 

 this period to the Egyptian viceroy of Upper Nubia. 

 On the walls of the tomb is a scene where, in the 

 presence of King Tutankhamon himself, Huy receives 

 from an officer of the Treasury the seal borne by the 

 Viceroy of Nubia. Another scene shows Huy pre- 

 senting to the king the tribute of the country under 

 his administration. We may safely argue from this 

 that the pro\'ince of Nubia, first conquered in the Old 

 Kingdom, perhaps as early as 2500 B.C., and consolid- 

 ated by the great monarchs of the Xllth Dynasty 

 (2000 — 1800 B.C.), had not been lost to Egypt during 



the years of .Akhenaten, when foreign politics had 

 been so sadly neglected. Nay more, since Huy is 

 accompanied in the scene by his brother Amenhotep, 

 who is also called Viceroy of Nubia, we might even 

 argue that Nubia had become important enough to 

 need two viceroj's. 



In a further scene these two officials also present 

 the " tribute of the North," i.e. of Syria. This is at 

 first sight astonishing, for it is clear from the famous 

 Tell el-Amarna letters that Akhenaten had completely 

 lost the Egyptian empire in Syria. Why, moreover, 

 should the Viceroys of Nubia present the tribute of 

 Syria ? We are driven to suspect that the tribute of 

 the North is in this tomb something of a figment, put 

 in after the fashion of the glorious old days of 

 Thothmes III to balance that of the South. On the 

 other hand. King Horemheb, who was originally a 

 general under Akhenaten, calls himself in his tomb- 

 inscription " Companion of the feet of his master on 

 the field of battle on that day of slaughtering the 

 Asiatics" : thus either Akhenaten himself (which is 

 improbable^ or one of his immediate successors must 

 have conducted a campaign against Syria in which 

 Horemheb took part, and the flow of tribute may have 

 been restored on this occasion. 



Such is the history of Tutankhamon so far as it is 

 known to us, if we may describe as history what is 

 nothing more than a series of inferences from archaeo- 

 logical remains. The Cairo Museum possesses one 

 statue of the king, found at Karnak, and sometimes 

 described wrongly as a portrait of .\khenaten, while 

 at least two of the admirable portrait-heads found by 

 the German expedition in the workshop of the sculptor 

 Thothmes at Tell el-Amarna represent him and not, 

 as at first supposed, his father-in-law. 





Garibaldi's Bride of 

 an Hour 



By Thomas Okey, M.A. 



Priifcssin- (/ lliiliitn in the I'niuersity of Cambridge 



I 



One May day in the year 1859 '^ number of Austrian 

 officers were supping in the barracks at Varese when 

 an unexpected visitor was announced. " Who are 

 you ? " asked the White Coats. " I am Garibaldi, ' 

 was the answer, " and you are my prisoners." Believ- 

 ing the dread chieftain had his red-shirts behind him, 

 thev surrendered. As a matter of fact. Garibaldi was 



