300 



KNOWLEDGE & SCIENTIFIC NEWS. 



[Dec, 1904. 



of the old males are of no very great length and 

 prominence. Gentleness and docility are specially 

 characteristic of the species, even when full-grown; 

 while in the nati\e state its haljits are thoroughly 

 arboreal. 



What a contrast between such a creature and an old 

 male gorilla, one of the most savage and untamable 

 beasts on earth, with the eyes overhung by a beetling 

 penthouse of bone, the hinder half of the middle line 

 ot the skull with a wall-like bony ridge for the 

 attachment of the powerful jaw-muscles, and the 

 tusks of monstrous size, and recalling those of a 

 carnivorous animal. These characteristic traits are 

 well displayed in the accompanying photograph (Fig.i) 

 of the head and bust of a huge male gorilla shot by 

 Mr. H. Paschen in the hinterland of the Cameruns, and 

 now in Mr. Rothschild's Museum at Tring, which also 

 exhilsits the relatixcly small size of the cars and the 

 elongated form of the head distinctive of the gorilla. 

 Another characteristic of this species is the small size 

 of the thumb and the length of the arm, the latter 

 reaching to the middle of the shin-bone. 



Fig. 1.— Bust of Male Qorilla from the Cameruns. 

 (After H. Paschen. I 



If we had only these two typical forms to deal with, 

 there would be, as already said, no possibility of con- 

 founding a chimpanzi with a gorilla. When, how- 

 ever, we pass into Central Africa we find the chim- 

 panzis assuming more or less marked gorilla-like traits 

 which render the distinction in some cases a matter of 

 difficulty. The first of these aberrant types is Schwein- 

 furth's chimpanzi [AnlhrnpopilIiccKs troglodytes sclnvcin- 

 -fiiriln), which inhabits the NIam-niam country, and, 

 although evidently belonging to the same species as 

 the typical race, exhibits certain gorilla-like features. 

 These traits are still more developed in the bald chim- 

 panzi [A. t. /sc/icgo), of Loango and the hinterland of the 

 Gabun and French Congoland, which takes its English 

 name from the sparse covering of hair on the head. 

 The most gorilla-like of all the races is, however, the 

 kulu-kamba chimpan/i (A. /. ktilu-kumba) of du 

 Chaillu, which inhabits Central .\fric;i. The celebrated 

 ape " Mafuka," which Ii\ed for some time in the 

 Dresden Zoological Gardens during 1875, ^"d came 

 from Loango, was app.arently a member" of the bald 

 race, although it was at one time regarded as a hybrid 

 between a chimp.anzi and a gorilla. The gorilla-like 

 features in the head .ire well displaved in the accom- 

 panying photograph (Fig. 2), which was taken im- 

 mediately after de.ath. 



The.sp gorilla-like traits are still more pronounced in 

 the subject of tlgurc 3, \vhich is t.ikm from " johaima, " 

 a female chimpanzi living in Harmun ;m(l H,-iiley's slif)w 

 in 1899; the figure being reproduced from one illus- 

 trating a paper on that animal by Dr. Keith. The heavy 

 ridges over the brow, originally supposed to be distinc- 



tive of the gorilla, are particularly well marked in 

 "Johanna," and they would doubtless be still more 

 noticeable in the male of the same race, which seems to 

 be undoubtedly du Chaillu 's kulu-kamba. .Still, the 

 large size and prominence of the ears proclaim that 



Fig. 2. — Head of Female Kulu=Kamba Chimpan/i "Mafui^a.*' (From a 

 photograph lent by Dr. H. B. Meyer.) 



both " Mafuka " and " Johanna " were chimpanzis 

 and not gorillas. A gorilla-like feature in " Johanna " 

 is, howe\er, the presence of large folds at the sides 

 (ala) of the nostrils, which are absent in the typical 



Fig. 3.— Female Kulu = k'amba Chimpanzi "Johanna." (From the^plate 

 in the Zoological Society's /'f("('('(/j'(;/,s- illustrating Dr. Keith's Memoir.) 



chimpan/i, hut In the gorilla extend down to the upper 



Dr. Keith, who has paid special attention to the 

 subject, is, indeed, of opinion that, in addition to its 

 smaller and flatter ears, the gorilla may be best dis- 



