JuN-E 1, 1892.] 



KNOWLEDGE 



119 



the light of the planet amounting to rather less than one- 

 third of what it will be at the beginning of August. On 

 the 17th he rises at llh. 14m. p.m., with a southern 

 declination of 20^ i', and an apparent diameter of 17i". 

 the phase amounting to li". On the 30th he rises at 

 lOh. 34m. P.M.. or 2h. 16m. after simset, with a southern 

 declination of 20° 26', and an apparent diameter of 20", 

 the phase amounting to 1", and the brightness to about 

 six-tenths of what it will be at itsmax::nura. During the 

 month Mars describes a short direct path in Capricornus. 

 but does not approach any bright star very closely. As 

 Jupiter does not rise till after midnight on the last day of 

 June, we defer an ephemeris of him till nest month. 



Saturn is an evening star, and is still well situated for 

 observation. He rises on the 1st at Oh. 28m. p.m., with 

 a northern declination of 4^ 48', and an apparent equatorial 

 diameter of 17^" (the major axis of the ring system being 

 40^" in diameter, and the minor 0-3"). On the 30th he 

 sets at llh. 31m. p.m., with a northern dechnation of 4° 18', 

 and an apparent equatorial diameter of 16f" (the major axis 

 of the ring system being 38-6" in diameter, and the minor 

 0-7"). During the first portion of the month the ring 

 system is invisible in small telescopes. The following 

 phenomena of the sateUites may be observed (the 

 times are given to the nearest quarter of an hour). 

 June otli, lO^^h. p.m., Tethys, eclipse reappearance; June 

 8th, ll^h. P.M., Dione, eclipse reappearance; June 19th, 

 lOfh. P.M., Dione. eclipse reappearance ; June 22nd. lOh. 

 p.m., Tethys, eclipse reappearance: June 30tli, 9h. p.m., 

 Dione, eclipse reappearance. During the month Saturn 

 describes a short direct path in Virgo, but does not 

 approach any naked-eye star. He is in quadrature with 

 the San on the 14th. 



Uranus is well situated for the purposes of the amateur 

 observer, rising as he does at 4h. 16m. p.m. on the 1st, 

 with a southern declination of 11" -54', and an apparent 

 diameter of 3-7". On the last day of the month he rises 

 at 2h. 19m. p.m., with a southern declination of 11' 43'. 

 During the month be describes a short retrograde path 

 to the X.N.^Y. of A Yirginis. A map of the path of Uranus 

 is given in the FJwjlish Mechanic for February 12th. 

 Neptune is invisible. 



There are no very well marked showers of shooting 

 stars in June. 



The Moon enters her first quarter at 9h. 51m. a.m. on 

 the 2nd; is full at Ih. 32m. p.m. on the 10th ; enters her 

 last quarter at 9h'. Im. p.m. on the 17th ; and is new at 

 2h. 6im. P.M. on the 24th. She is in apogee at 6-6h. 

 p.m. on the .5th (distance from the earth 2-31,690 miles) ; 

 and in perigee at 2-4h. p.m. on the 21st (distance fi-om the 

 earth 227,2-50 miles). Her greatest eastern libration 

 occurs at 4h. 40m. a.m. on the 14th, and her greatest 

 western at 8h. o4m. p.m. on the 22nd. 



e^css €:olumn. 



By C. D. LococK, B.A.Oxon. 



C. J. O.— If 1 . R to Q8ch., K X P, and there is no 



mate. 



PEOBLEM. 

 By C. D. LococK. 



BI.ACE. 



All commtjnications for this column should be addressed 

 to the " Chess Editor, Knowledge Offi.ce" and posted before 

 the 10th of each month. 



The April problem is unsolvable. The composer's 

 intention 1. E (R8) to R6, discovered by Alpha and 

 H. S. Brandreth, is defeated by 1 . . . PxR, as pointed 

 out by Alpha. 



C. T. BlansJuiid. — The emended version enclosed is 

 open to the same objection as the other. 



White. 



White to play, and mate in two moves. 



MORE CHESS FALLACIES. 

 (Continued from March, 1891.) 



VI. That the majority of I'nirns on the (Jiicen's side (v 

 udranta;ieiiiis. — In the first place there is nothing magical 

 in the Queen's side ; if both players have castled on the 

 Queen's side, then the advantage lies with the player 

 possessing the majority of Pawns on the Kimfs side. If, 

 on the ether hand, White has castled on the Queen's side 

 and Black on the other side, Black having most Pawns on 

 tlie King's side, and White on the other wing, then White 

 has a slight advantage ; for the White King at QB square 

 can reach K3 in two moves, while the Black King at 

 KKt square must take three moves to reach Q3. Hence 

 the corollary that it is better for end-game purposes to 

 castle on the Queen's wing. The King is not only more 

 central, but almost certainly has an exit available at Q2 

 towards the centre. 



VII. That an early sortie of the <Jueen is inadrisable. — 

 On an open board, especiaUy after one or two exchanges, 

 the sooner the Queen comes out the better. If there is one 

 strong move more habitually overlooked than any other by 

 good players, it is probably the move ',' to KKtJ-. Owing 

 to the fact that the adverse QB and KKt generally guard 

 against the move, the opportimities for it are necessarily 

 of rare occurrence : the result being that when they do 

 occm- they are neglected. 



VIII. That Bishops of opposite colours abiays tend to a 

 draw. — The contrary is often the case. Imagine that Black 

 has castled on the King's side and weakened his position 

 by the move P to KKt3. It is now to White's advantage 

 that each player should lose his King's Bishop, leaving 

 the Bishops of opposite colours. The White Queen's 

 Bishop in conjtmction with the Queen and a Knight or 

 Eook will then probably be uresistible on the King's side, 

 White's Bishop commanding the holes at KB6 and KE6, 

 while the Black Queen's Bishop is practically useless for 

 defence. The general rule may be stated as foUows : If 

 your opponent has aU, or nearly all, his Pawns on one 

 colour, get rid, if possible, of his Bishop of the other colour. 

 The remaining Bishop may guard some of the Parvus, but 

 he cannot guard what is more important — the diayuuaU 

 amonij tlis Fauns. 



