414 SPORT IN EUROPE 



Caucasus, on the borders of Persia, round Lenkoran, where these birds 



migrate for the winter, wild-fowling yields enormous bags of water- fowl 



of every description. 



The pheasant and the francolin are almost extinct in the Caucasus, 



where some twenty years ago they swarmed. The former is still to be 



found in a wild state in Russian Turkestan ; the latter is 



Pheasant j-jq^ confined to a small preserve belonging to the Grand 



Francolin Duke Nicholas Mikhailovitch, in the government of 



Elisavetpol, where His Highness shoots two or three 



times a year over spaniels, and the bags obtained are comparatively 



small. 



Hawking is popular in the Kirghiz and Orenburg steppes, in 



Bokhara and Russian Turkestan, where hares, foxes, and antelopes 



are flown at with the berkut, a large eagle, believed to be identical 



with the golden eagle of Europe. With the aid of this 

 Hawking. 



fine bird, full-grown antelopes have often been brought 



down. A very complete account of hawking in Russian Turkestan 



and the use of the berkut will be found in Harting's Bibliotheca 



Accipitraria, 1891, under the head of " Russian Works on Falconry," 



and in the same author's Hints on the Management of Hawks (second 



edition, 1898) in a chapter entitled "The Eagles used by Russian 



Falconers." 



Fishing, in the sporting sense of the word, does not exist in 



Russia, with the exception of some parts of Finland, where two 



or three clubs, consisting mostly of Englishmen, are 

 Fishing. 



the sole exponents of that sport. I believe trolling 



on the lakes with spoon or minnow constitutes the principal mode 



