216 



♦ KNOWLEDGE 



[August 1, 1889. 



Notes. 



(a) This move constitutes tlie Stone-wall Opening. As its name 

 implies, the object is to erect a strong barrier against Black's 

 advacce, and to secure a draw thereby. 



(J) I tind that the cross-action of the two Bishops posted on KKt2 

 and QKt2 may be utilised with great effect in close games. Black 

 must, however, always be alive to the danger of a possible advance 

 bv White on the King's or Queen's Bishops' files ; he must also keep 

 his Fawns well in hand until the proper moment arrives for an 

 advance on the flank of the lines commanded by the Bishops. 



(r) It is an advantage for Black that White is induced to make 

 such an inactive move, blocking one square of the QKt, and forego 

 any intention of an immediate advance on the Queen's side. 



(rf) White having rendered his Queen's side inactive, it is Black's 

 intention (after having provided for his own safety) to advance, via 

 1' to QBi, with the hope of placing a Pawn on 135, or, otherwise, 

 weakening the White Queen's side. This is the plan of battle on 

 which the whole game is decided, as will be seen. 



(e) Black now has less to fear from an advance on the King's 

 side ; still he should have played P to K3 earlier. 



(/) This Knight is very well posted both for attack or defence, 

 and the QKt is made available to play to B3 if necessary ; a break- 

 up of the position by means of P to K4 by White is also prevented, 

 and Black has greater freedom of action. 



(y) To take the Pawn would not be good as Black would obtain 

 the open Kt's file, and the possibility of attack by Q to Kt3 in con- 

 junction with the position of the KB on Kt2 would constitute a 

 weakness in White's game. White's intention seems to be to post 

 his QB on KB2 in defence of his Pawn. 



(/() Makes the KK available for the advance on the Queen's side 

 for which Black is steadily working, and it also liberates the KBP 

 for an advance if necessary. 



I. GUXSBERG. 

 Black. 



Whtte, 



J. M. HAXHAM. 



Position after White's seventeeth move. 



(?) It is not quite clear why he retired the Kt; perhaps he had 

 some intention of advancing on the King's side, but found that it 

 was rather too late. 



(j) Every piece of Black supports the advance, and whichever 

 way White takes. Black obtains a strong centre ; whereas the White 

 King's Pawn will remain very weak. 



(i) Black has waited until the position is ripe for this advance. 

 It is difficult to decide whether P to K-'i would not have blocked 

 the game too much. Now, although P to B.5 also seems to block 

 the game, yet a player is never at a loss to continue the pressure in 

 a similar position, against the Queen's side. 



(I) A very effective demonstration, which compels White himself 

 to open up the Queen's side. Black threatens B to R5. Against this 

 K to Q2 is no good on account of Kt to K.5, he has therefore 

 nothing left, but to move his QKtP which opens up the file for 

 the two Rooks, as if they had been played there for the purpose, by 

 pre-arrangement. 



(m) To prevent White getting rid of his weakness by playing 

 P to B4. 



(«) Gaining time as White cannot take the Kt without losing 

 the QBP. 



(o) Compelling the other B to retire for the same reason. 



(/)) P to K.5 would have made the game much harder, but 

 Black's advantage on the Queen's side ought to have told in his 

 favour. White now seizes a favourable opportunity to relieve the 

 pressure and simphfy matters by exchanging. 



Wbitb. 



J. M. HANHAJf. 



Position after Black's thirtieth move. 



(q) White has succeeded in obtaining a counter attack. If 

 Black plays B x Kt the White B finds a strong square on Q.'). 



(r) Black was bound to prevent the Kt playing to Q-t rid Kt 3. 

 If now Kt to Kt3 Black plays Kt to R6. 



(s) This gives Black very valuable time. 



It) The game was adjourned in this very interesting position. 

 It does not seem that White has any good square to play his 

 Bishop on, and the move that follows is the natural outcome of the 

 position. 



(u) White did not foresee this move when capturing the Pawn. 



((■) This is fatal at once, but his game was bad anyway, for if, 

 instead of this, 43. Q to K2, Q to K4. 44. P to Kt.S, B to Kt4, 

 threatening if R moves B to K6(ch) winning. 



(;i') Black now forces the mate in a few moves. 



r s 



Whttb. 

 J. If. HANHAM. 



Position after Black's fortieth move. 



Contents of No. 45. 



PAGF 



How Long Does a Flash of Light- 



niog Last ? By A. C. Ranjard 177 

 Tiger-Beetles.— II. By E A. Botler 179 

 Pbospbatesas Fertilisers. ByD. A. 



Louis, F.I C. F.C.S 181 



Our Microscopic Foes. By A. 



Winkelried Williams 183 



On Earth-Worms. By E. Mansel 



Symoson, M.A., M.B., Cantab . . 184 

 Some Properties of Numbers. By 



Robt. W. D. Christie 1 86 



Photographs of Nebulae. By A. C. 



Ranyard 188 



PAOI 



.Star-bom Meteor?. By the late 

 Richard .\. Proctor 188 



Letters :— Prof. W. H. Pickering, 

 Prof. E. Holden, G. H. Clarke, 

 T.H. Russell lill 



The Vapilla 193 



Refraction of Magnetic Radia- 

 tion 193 



The Face of the Sky for July. 

 By Herbert Sadler, P.R.A.8. .... 1 9.1 



Chess Column 194 



Whist Column. By W. Montagu 

 Gattie 196 



TEEMS OF SUBSCRIFTION. 



" Knowlbikjk " as a Monthly Magazine cannot be registered as a Newspaper for 

 tranamisaion abroad. The Terms of Subscription per annum are therefore altered 

 as follows to the Countries named : b. d. 



To West Indies and South America 9 



To the East Indies, China, &c 10 6 



To South Africa 13 



To Australia. New Zealand, *tc 14 



To any address in the United Kingdom, the Continent, Canada, United States, 

 and Egypt, the Subscription is la. 6d.. as heretofore. 

 Communications for the Editor and Books for Review should be addressed 

 Bditor cf " Kjtowlkdge," care of J. Mat, a by, 67 Chancery Lane, W.C. 



