122 



KNOWLEDGE 



[Aprh, 1, 1890. 



dNbtss Colttmn. 



By I. GuxsBF.p.d (MKPnisTo). 



fContribntions of general interest to chess-players are invited. Mr. 

 Gunsberg will be pleased to give his opinion on any matter submitted 

 for his decision.] 



XOTES OX THE HABANA MATCH. 

 The following table will show the course of pl.iy during the 

 match : — 



Won by, as Won by, as 



1st player. 2Dd plaver. Drawn. 



T — " — 



— T — 



G 



Game. Opening. 



1. Ponziani 



2. Spanish... 



3. French ... 



4. Four Knights ... 



5. Evans ... 



6. Two Knights Defence. 



7. French 



8. Zukertort 



9. Evans 



10. P— Q4 G — — 



11. Ponziani T — — 



12. P— Q4 G — — 



13. Gambit declined ... T — — 



14. Zukertort G — — 



15. Centre Counter Gambit — — 1 



16. Dutch — T — 



17. Vienna ... ... ... — — 1 



18. Dutch — T — 



19. Spanish — — 1 



20 — T — 



21 — G — 



22. Two Knights Defence... — T — 



23. Centre Gambit — G — 



The Attack won 7 times, the Defence 11 times. 



Gunsberg was first player II times. With the move he won 4, 

 drew 1, and lost 6. 



Tschigorin had the move in 12 games. Of that number he won 3, 

 drew 4, and lost 5. 



Of 4 Ruy Lopez played (2 by each player), the second player won 

 3, and 1 was drawn. In two of these White played 4P — Q4 without 

 obtaining a satisfactory game. In the other two Black defended with 

 3P— QR3, and White "continued with 4 B— R4. Kt— B3. 5 P— Q3, 

 P— Q3, &c., Black playing P— KKt3, B— Kt2, and Castles KR. 



White in each case failed in sustaining an attack against the King's 

 side. 



There were sis irregular openings. Four games were won by Guns- 

 berg as first player, namely, two Zukertort and two P — Q4 openings ; 

 and two P — K3 openings played by Gunsberg were won by Tschigorin. 

 From the play in these games it seems to follow that the defence 

 should post the QB on QKt2, and endeavour to force the centre by 

 P — K4, preceded by P — QB4, and the massing of pieces bearing on 

 Black's K4th square. 



Tschigorin won both the Two Knights Defences which he played. 

 We think his success proves that the second player receives a good 

 equivalent in position for the Pawn, but we can hardly say, in spite 

 of the above success, that the defence is superior to the attack. In 

 one of these games, after the usual moves, Gimsberg tried 8 B — Q3, 

 instead of the customary move of 8 B — Q2. but lost much time in his 

 subsequent play, thereby getting a bad game. We think the move 

 feasible. 



In the two Ponziani openings Gunsberg did not succeed in getting 

 an even game by defending with 3 Kt — B3, which seems to speak in 

 favour of the defence of 3 P — Q4. 



Tschigorin lost two Evans Gambits, he playing 9 QKt — B3, to 

 which Gunsberg replied with 9 B — KKt5 in one game, and Kt — QR4 

 in another. In both instances the defence proved valid. 



The Vienna opening resulted in an inferior position for the first 

 player, as follows:—! P— K4, P— K4 : 2 QKt— B3. KKt— B3 ; 

 3 P_B4. P— Q4 : 4 BP X P, Kt X P : o Q— B3, Kt— B3 ; 6 B— QKt5, 

 Kt X Kt : 7 KtP xKt. P— QR3, &c. 



In the French defence (Steinitz variation) Gunsberg re-took the 

 QBP with the Knight, instead of with the B. i.e. 1 P— K4. P— K3 : 

 2 P— y4. P— Q4: 3 QKt— B3. KKt— B3 : 4 P— K5, KKt— Q2 : 

 .5 P— B4. P— QB4 : 6 Px P, QKt— B3 ; 7 B— Q3, Kt x BP, &c. 



The Centre Gambit attack failed altogether, as the second player 

 turned the tables completely as follows : — 1 P — K4. P — K4 

 2 P— Q4, P x P : 3 Q x P; QKt— B3 : 4 Q— K3. Kt— B3 

 5 QKt— B3. B— Kt5; C. B— Q2, Castles; 7 Castles. R— Ksq 

 8 P— B3. P— Q4, &c. 



Finally, in the Gambit declined, the second player got a bad 

 position by allowing White to advance the Gambit Pawn to Bo. pin 

 the KKt with the B on Kt5, and also post his QKt on Q5. 



THE CLOSE OF THE SEASON. 



With the opening of the month of April may be said to close the 

 active season among chess-players. Outdoor amusements commence 

 about this time of the year, and. as a consequence, attendance at the 

 clubs begins to fall oSF. Among the hundred or more clubs that have 

 been regularly meeting week by week during the last few months in 

 London, there will not probably remain more than twenty or twenty- 

 five in active work ; and no doubt the same proportion of holiday 

 recesses would be found to hold good were we to make a general tour 

 of the country. Exceptions would, no doubt, be very few and far 

 between, for in nearly every district we should find a cricket club 

 or some attraction to lure away the young people who are regular 

 attendants at the chess clubs. 



In the case of older exponents of the game, chess, even in summer, 

 forms still a suitable recreation to many who may be too tired 

 after the work of the day to take part in out-door sport. It 

 affords an opportunity for quietness and rest of body that no other 

 amusement supplies, and, such being the case, it is no wonder that its 

 practice is carried on by them more or less throughout the year. 



.\t the present time there is no lack of material available for the 

 ordinary student of chess, even though his club may be closed, and 

 all his ordinary opponents scattered abroad in search of health and 

 fresh air. There are so many chess columns running in the news- 

 papers of the country that it would be almost impossible to find a 

 corner where literature on the game was not easily obtainable ; and 

 it would be a great surprise to many who now regard the chess sea- 

 son as ending with the last days of March, to discover how eagerly 

 these chess columns are perused in the quiet season, even by players 

 who, on other occasions, hardly display any interest in them, because 

 over the board practice is so ready to their hand. 



There are, however, other indications to point to a season of activity 

 in the chess world this year during the summer recess for clubs. In 

 England we are looking forward to an International Chess Tourna- 

 ment at Manchester, when, with liberal prizes and the assurance of a 

 hearty welcome, a large number of visitors are sure to be attracted. 

 This will probably be the principal chess event of the next few 

 months, although master contests are spoken of also in other parts 

 of the world. Then we are promised a gathering at Cambridge, under 

 the auspices of the Counties Chess Association, which is to be re- 

 vived. 



Looking back over the last few months we find much to occasion 

 gratification to the chess-player. County associations have been 

 started in various parts of the country, and have worked most suc- 

 cessfully in advancing the knowledge of the game, while, as regards 

 new clubs, it may fairly be said that the space at our disposal would 

 not be sufi&cient to give even a summary of them. There is hardly a 

 district in the kingdom that does not supply marked evidence of in- 

 creased popularity for the royal game of chess and a general desire 

 to make its practice more universal. 



R. L. O'Beibne. — Berger's book on End-games is the best. In 

 the position you sent we should not like to say for certain that White 

 must win, but it seems so to us. Snch endings are extremely diffi- 

 cult. White will of course play his Kinc; on a white square, and try 

 and push his Pawns, i.e. 1 K— Q3, K— K3 ; 2 P— B4. B— Qsq ; 3 K 

 — B4, B— R5; 4 P— Q.5, K— K4 : 5 P— Bij, B— Qsq ; 6 K— B5, B— 

 K2 ; 7 K — Kt 6, Ac. ; but there are many ways in which Black might 

 get a chance of stopping the advance. 



Contents of No. 53. 



PAGE 1 



Egg-laying Mammals. By R. 

 Lydekker, B.A.Cantab m ' 



Influence Machines. By R. 

 Camper Day, B. A.Oxon 86 



House-flies and Bluebottles. 

 By E. A. Butler 89 



Where was the Ai-yau Cradle , 



first Rocked ? By Edward 

 Clodd 91 



Variable Stars. By A. C. Kan- 

 yard and C. E. Peek 93 I 



PAGE 



Weighing a Double Star 96 



Notices of Books 97 



Letters :— W. H. S. Monck, T. S. 



Barrett, .J. S., G. C. G., .lohn 



Kenny 9ft- 



The Face of the Sky for March, 



By Herbert Sadler, F.R.A.S.. . 99 

 Whist Column. By W. Montagu 



Gattie 100 



Chess Column. By W.Montagu 



Gattie 101 



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