PRODUCTION AND COMMERCE. 213 



types, mainly used for spinning and "saucing." Ken- 

 tucky, which, stands first of all the States for production, 

 the annual produce being 171,120,784 lb., gains her 

 chief profits from the white hurley and yellow wrapper ; 

 Illinois, from the production of the seed-leaf; Missouri, 

 from sweet fillers and white burley; Virginia, from 

 yellow wrappers, bright "smokers," sun, air and flue- 

 cured fillers. Decidedly the most prosperous tobacco 

 States are those that grow types suitable for domestic 

 consumption, while those that grow it mainly for exporta- 

 tion stand low in the scale, the margin of profit under this 

 head being reduced very low. According to the researches 

 of Dr. Gideon Moore, the largest amount of nicotine is 

 contained in the Virginian heavily manured lots (5 '81 

 per cent.), while the Virginian heavy English shipping 

 has 4 • 72, the New York domestic Havana but 2 • 53, the 

 Connecticut seed-leaf 1 • 14, while the smallest amount of 

 all is found in the little Dutch tobacco of the Miami 

 valley, • 63. Profits in the culture of tobacco have been 

 in direct proportion — first to its suitableness to domestic 

 consumption ; and, secondly, to the amount of fertilization 

 practised by the growers in its cultivation. This is true 

 in every case, except the yellow tobacco districts of North 

 Carolina and Virginia, where poverty in the soil is a 

 condition of success in the production of quality. 



Professor J. T. Eothrock is of the opinion that the 

 early natives of California smoked the leaves of Nicotiana 

 clevelandii — a species only quite recently described by 

 Professor Asa Gray. It is a small plant with small 

 flowers, and it was found by Professor Eothrock only in 

 association with the shell heaps which occur so abundantly 



