PREPAEATION AND USE. 



249 



Fig. 29. 



Hence these last are kept profoundly secret by the 

 manufacturer. 



From refuse tobacco which, is unfit for any other pur- 

 pose, is made a decoction for washing sheep and destroying 

 vermin ; often the waste is ground very fine, and used 

 by gardeners, presumably to keep noxious insects away. 



Miscellaneous Appliances. — The customary ingenuity of 

 the Americans has invented a profusion of admirable 

 labour-saving machines for almost all the operations of 

 the tobacco manufacturer. A few of these only can be 

 noticed in the present article. 



Fig. 29 shows a portable resweating-apparatus, in- 

 tended for darkening the colour 

 of tobacco to suit the dealer's 

 market. It measures 4 feet 

 long, 3 feet wide, and 5 feet 

 high, being just large enough 

 for one case (400 lb.) of tobacco, 

 including the case ; it consists 

 of a water-tank a, a pipe h for 

 conducting the water into the 

 metallic pan c, at the bottom of 

 the apparatus, which is heated 



^y gas-jets d. The tobacco is introduced by the door e, 

 which is fitted with a thermometer. The roof is sloped so 

 as to determine the flow of the water of condensation. The 

 steaming occupies 3-5 days, and needs occasional watching. 

 The apparatus is made by C. S. Philips and Co., 188 

 Pearl Street, New York. 



Fig. 30 illustrates a complicated machine, introduced 



