July, 1903.] 



KNOWLEDGE. 



u: 



same fauna A. Phili|)pi, in 1843, contributed tliree more 

 species in his genera Endeis and Parihoea. Unfortimately 

 fliese also remain obscure. A year earlier Henry Goodsir 

 described as Pephredo hirsuta a species from the German 

 Ocean. The generic name is preoccupied. The genus is 

 perliaps the same as Costa's uncertain Phanodemus. In 

 the description of the figure tlie species is called by an 



Phanodemus collaris, Costa. Clearly the dorsal, not, as Costa 

 supposed, the venti'al aspect. 



alternative name capillata. On the obscurity of Goodsir's 

 Pasithoe vesiculosa from the Firtli of Forth comment has 

 been already made. Hoek, in 1881, considers it " abso- 

 lutely impossible to recognise," nor is it recorded either in 

 the " Museum Normanianum " of 1886, or in Dr. Caiman's 

 still longer catalogue of specimens at University College, 

 Dundee, 1901. Goodsir's PhoxiohUidi urn globosiim from 

 Orkney, is supposed by Sars to be probably identical vrith 

 the often mentioned Ph. fenwratum. His Nymphon gigan- 

 teiim, taken in the sea at Embleton, off the coast of 

 Northumberland, is identiiied witli Strom's N. mariinun. 

 His N. johnHonii, from the German Ocean, his N. pelhicl- 

 dam and N. minuium from the Firth of Forth (" Edinburgli 

 New Pliilos. Journ.,'" Vols. 32, 33), and his later .W. si'm(7(« 

 ("Ann. Nat. Hist.," 1844), are foundlings which still utter 

 feeble but unanswered cries for recognition. On the other 

 hand, his N. spinosiim is accepted by Sars as an undoubted 

 member of Sars's own genus Chsetonymphon (1888), and 

 his Pallene circularis as belonging to Wilson's Pseudo- 

 pallene, which as already shown, is a synonym of Latreille's 

 Phoxichilus. At the same period attention was being paid 

 to this subject by Milne-Edwai-ds and Quatrefages in 

 France, and by Erichson in Germany, but with more 

 searching fulness by Kriiyer in Denmark. The careful 

 dcscriplious pul)lished by him in the Danish "' Natur- 

 hislcirisU Tidsskrift," were finely illustrated in the folio 

 Zoological Atlas to " Gaiuiard's Voyage en Scandinavio." 

 On the advances made by Kriiyer, and the mistakes which 

 even he could not. wholly avoid, it is unnecessary here to 

 expatiate', since subsequent authors have absorbed all that 

 was meritorious in his work into more generally accessible 

 languages. Our own Adam White described some foreign 

 species in 1847, and two vears later the great American 

 naturalist, J. D. Dana, established a genus Asiridium for 

 an obscure little eastern specimen which he afterwards 



called Pycnogonum orientale. The arctic Chsetonymphon 

 hirtipes (Bell) was described in Belcher's "Last of the 

 Arctic Voyages, 1856." In his useful little manual of 

 " British Marine Zoology," of that same year, the late 

 Philip Henry Gosse devotes a couple of pages and several 

 figures to the Pycnogonida. It cannot, however, be said 

 that this part of his work does much honour to the science 

 of Great Britain. He is apparently quite ignorant of 

 Goodsir's labours, but on his own accoimt he supplies us 

 with two new species, Pho.i ichiliilium olivaceuin, unreeog- 

 uisal)ly figured, and Nymji/nui /'iiimn. Not a word of 

 specific description is given. AVe are not told whence the 

 species were obtained. We are even left to guess that 

 they are intended for new ones. 



The parasitism of Phoxichilidian larvae in hydroid 

 zoophytes was, it is said, first discovered by Gegenbaur in 

 1854. It was then, as it seems, independently observed 

 by Dr. Allman in 1859, and again, a couple of years 

 later by Mr. George Hodge. The subject has been discussed 

 by Semper, Dohrn, and others, and in 1882 Dr. v. Lenden- 

 feld named a new Australian species Phoxichilidium 

 plumidariie in allusion to this very habit. Hodge published 

 his researches in the " Transactions of the Tvneside 

 Naturalists' Field Club," Vol. 5, 1863. In the same 

 volume he reported ten sjiecies taken between the Dogger 

 Bank and the coast of Northumberland. Two he claimed 

 as new to science, and two, Nymphon hirtum, Fabricius, 

 and N. brevitarse, Kroyer, as new to the British faima. 

 But he subsequently recognised that his Pallene aUenuata 

 was a synonym of the species which should apparently now 

 be called Anaphia petiolata (Kroyer). The Fabrician 

 species, as Chsetomjivphon hirtum, is recorded in Caiman's 

 list as occurring in the Firth of Forth, so that Hodge's 

 determination may well be accepted. But in regard to 

 N. brevitarse, Sars declares that it has not been observed 

 "either on the coa.sts of Norway or England, as all statements 

 of its occurrence there have unquestionably arisen from 

 confounding the animal with either N. gracile, or quite young 

 examples of some or other of the known species" ("Nor- 

 wegian North-Atlantic Exp.," p. 03, 1891). Hodge's 

 N. brevirostre has since been recorded from South Devon. 

 In the "Annals and Magazine for 18t!4 " (Ser. 2, Vol. 13, 

 p. 113) the same author gives a list of all the species up 



Parihoea spinipalpis, Philippi. From Philippi. 



to that date noted as inhabiting the British seas. Of 

 the thirty-two, seven are described as new to science, 

 and three are reported as new to our fauna. Of the new 

 species, two are placed in Ammothoa, by which Leach's 

 Ammothea is intended, and three in a new genus, Arhelio. 

 which is usually deemed to be not really distinct from 

 Leach's genus, but to represent its adult forms. Hodge's 

 Ammothoa brevipes, a twenty-fifth of an inch in length, 

 from the Durham coast, is thought to be probably the 

 young of his Achelia echiiiata, now transferred to 

 Ammoth^'a. His A. longipes from Polperro is doubtfully 



