December, 1903.] 



KNOWLEDGE 



265 



^^^klUSTRATED MAGAZINE <J^ 



Founded by RICHARD A. PROCTOR. 

 Vol. XXVI.] LONDON : DKCEMIIKR, 1903. [No. 218. 



CONTENTS. 



By J. 



Editorial 



The Struggle for Existence in Sociology. IV 



CoLLIliK... 



"Man's Place in the Universe." B_v E. Walter MAtiNDEE, 



F.R.iS. ... 



The Markings and Rotation Period of Saturn. By 



W. F. Denning, F.B.A.S. illustrated) 



The Chemistry of the Stars. VI.— Stars of the Third 



and Fourth Types. By A.Fowler.f.b.a.s. {Illustrated) 

 The Sunspots of 1903, October. By K. Walter 



M-VUNDKK, F.B.A.S. (Illustrated) 

 Photograph of the Sun. (Plate.) 

 Letters : 



Stellae Satellites. By J. E. Gore 



Radium and tue Sun's Heat. By William Ackbotd 



Peotective Resemblance in Butiehflies. By Jos. F. 

 Q-BEEN 



MocK-SuNs. By T. W. Backhouse 



Is THE Uniteese Finite '? By W. H. S. Monck 



On Resolving the G-aseous Molecule and Seeing it. 

 By Feedk. Hovenden 



Gaseous Nebul-E. By J. E. Gobe 



Notes 



British Ornithological Notes. Conducted by Haeet F. 



WiTHEKBY, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ... 



Notices of Books 



Books Received 

 Microscopy. Conducted by M. I. Ceoss. (Illustrated) ... 

 Notes on Comets and Meteors. By W. F. Dbnnino, 



F.R.A..^. . 



The Face of the Sky for December. By W. Shackleton, 



F.R.A.S. ... 



Chess Column. By 0. D. Locock, b.a 



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EDITORIAL. 



The brilliant discovery of Radium stands out con- 

 spicuously as the most striking scientific event of the 

 closing year, but on looking back one may note that 

 1903 has been marked besides by many solid advances 

 in most branches of science. KNOWLEDGE, we may 

 hope, has done its part, as has ever been the aim of 

 its conductors, in helping to record these events, and 

 in keeping its readers in touch with important re- 

 searches in many directions. As in the past, so now, 

 we pass our cordial thanks to contributors and sub- 

 scribers alike for enabling us to produce this Twenty- 

 si.\th Volume of our Journal, while to the Press we 

 would also express our indebtedness for nian\- valued 

 reviews of our work. 



Looking forward to the coming year of 1904, and 

 dealing first with Astronomy, which we are glad to 

 find claims from year to year an increasing and yet 

 more ardent band of devotees, we have to announce 



that Miss Agnes M. Gierke, to whom we have been 

 indebted during the past year for five most informing 

 essays on " Modern Cosmogonies," will contribute 

 further papers on the same subject during the 

 coming year. Mr. E. Walter Maunder will write a 

 series of papers dealing with the Sun as a subject for 

 observation with Small Telescopes, and the relation of 

 Sunspots to various terrestrial phenomena. Mons. E. 

 M. Antoniadi has kindly promised the services of his 

 clever pen and pencil in illustrating the subject, and we 

 feel sure that Mr. Maunder will find many interested 

 readers who possess a small telescope, while others, 

 who are not so provided, may be induced to equip 

 themselves, and study the sun under his guidance. 

 Other contributions in Astronomy will include an 

 illustrated paper on Saturn by the Rev. T. E. Phillips, 

 which will appear in the January number, and papers 

 by Dr. Isaac Roberts, Messrs. J. E. Gore, W. F. 

 Denning, and others. 



The column hitherto devoted to Comets and 

 Meteors, and so ably conducted by Mr. Denning, will 

 be discontinued, but notes of prime importance in this 

 subject, as well as in Planetary observations, are 

 promised from time to time by Mr. Denning. 



We regret to announce the retirement of Mr. 

 M. I. Cross from the control of the Microscopy 

 Columns, and take this opportunity of cordially 

 thanking him for his most efficient and successful 

 work during the past years. At the same time we 

 are pleased to announce the accession to our ranks 

 of Mr. F. Shillington Scales, whose ability to conduct 

 the Microscopy section with success will be recognised 

 by those interested in the science. 



The increasing interest in physical subjects has led 

 us to arrange with Mr. Edwin Edser for a series of 

 papers on the Paradoxical Properties of Fluid 

 Motion. In other subjects, Mr. \\ . 1'. Pycraft 

 promises a few papers on some aspects of Evolution 

 in Birds, and Mr. George Massee will write upon the 

 habitats and distribution of Fungi, and their influence 

 for both good and bad upon other forms of life. 

 Mr. William Marriott will contribute some articles on 

 Practical Meteorology, dealing with Temperature, 

 Rainfall, and Sunshine ; while Mr. R. Lydekker is 

 providing some illustrated essays on Pala.>ontological 

 subjects, in which he will discuss the Ancestry of the 

 Horse, the Camel, the Carnivonv, and other mammals. 



The Third Annual Competition for the Chess 

 Challenge Trophy begins with the problems in the 

 January number, where the conditions of the Tourney 

 will be found. The contest for the year 1903 has 

 been very close, the previous holder having fallen 

 behind, and retired. 



