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to private individuals is seven. Of these, two are in the district of 

 Olonetz, two at Petrozavodsk on the rivers Souna and Leejma, and 

 three in Povonetz on the rivers Ournentza, Koumsa, and Povetchanka. 

 The first-mentioned two are at the present time doing nothing, and 

 this is the cause of the considerable diminution seen of late years in 

 the revenue. Of the operations at Petrozavodsk some account has 

 been given. 



" At a distance of ninety versts, or sixty miles, from Petrozavodsk, is 

 the village of Leejma, where there is a saw-mill of considerable mag- 

 nitude, oocupied also at the present time by M. Baelaeff. It is 

 erected on the river Leejma, and has two water-wheels and four 

 frames of saws, two for each water-wheel. It works without inter- 

 mission day and night, and can cut up in the course of the year 

 60,000 logs ; but, in consequence of hindering circumstances, it cuts 

 up only some 45,000. These are pine wood logs of the length of 

 twenty-two feet, and eight verschoks or fourteen inches thick at the 

 upper extremity. The boards most in demand in the market are 

 twenty-two feet long and three inches thick, which are known as 

 2|-in. boards ; and besides these there are what are called inch 

 boards, sent chiefly to Holland. According to the statements of the 

 traders these inch boards are both in quality and price inferior to the 

 Swedish boards of the same measurement, in consequence of which 

 the preparation of them in large quantities is not remunerative. 



" Coming next to those connected with Povonetz, I have to state that 

 not far from the post road on the river Koumsa, at a distance of twenty- 

 three versts from Povonetz, there is a saw-mill belonging to the 

 timber merchant Mr. Zachanieff. This mill also I had an opportunity 

 of seeing. It is built in a very pretty situation, in the valley of the 

 rapid river Kamsa, surrounded by lofty hills extending to the Onega 

 Lake. The mill has one wheel and two frames, and there are sawn 

 in the course of the year about 30,000 logs. Everywhere about it are 

 seen order and cleanliness ; and there is a fire which never dies out, 

 burning continuously the outside slabs, the ends of logs, and other 

 debris ; and what are literally mountains of sawdust fill up the picture 

 of the mill and its surroundings, while the noise of the wheel and 

 .of the saws is reverberated by the surrounding forest. 



" A journey of some fifteen miles brings us to Povonetz. A poorer 

 and more unattractive town than this it is impossible to imagine : 

 it is simply a village built on the plan of a town. The most remark- 

 able object in Povonetz is an old wooden church standing on the 

 shore of Lake Onega, built by Peter the Great, the only . monument 

 which indicates that ever he was here. There is, it is true, besides 

 this, the Petrozavodsk road ; but this is now only a footpath or track, 



