THE ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION" 109 



Later on he found that the very best results were 

 obtained when the grafts were placed in the vaginal 

 tunics. As this simple method of grafting gives 

 better results when fragments rather than whole 

 organs are used in other words, when smaller 

 rather than larger pieces are used Voronoff 

 grafted fragments obtained from a whole testicle. 



In one set of experiments three he-goats were 

 castrated and testicular grafts introduced. One at 

 the end of four, another at the end of twelve, and a 

 third at the end of sixteen months all showed 

 "magnificent horns such as are never seen on cas- 

 trated animals." They were lively, belligerent, did 

 not grow fat, and showed much sex ardor. 



In another experiment a ram 12 to 14 years old, 

 corresponding to about 80 years in man which 

 could hardly totter, had implanted the fragments 

 of a testicle obtained from a young ram. "Two 

 months after the graft had been effected the ani- 

 mal was completely transformed. His urinal in- 

 continence had disappeared; so had tremblings of 

 the legs ; and he no longer looked afraid. His bodily 

 carriage had become magnificent, he behaved in a 

 lively and aggressive manner. The old ram had 

 taken on the appearance of remarkable youth and 

 vigor. He was isolated in a small stable, together 

 with a young ewe-lamb, which afforded the oppor- 

 tunity for observing not only the awakening of his 

 sexual instincts, which he had lost years ago, but 



