THE ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION 111 



the foolish public would permit him to preserve the 

 glands of all healthy young men that are acciden- 

 tally killed ! But the foolish public will do nothing 

 of the sort, and experience has shown that only 

 glands of the same species are of any value. There 

 is one way out of the difficulty. It is to make use 

 of the higher form of ape, such as the orang-utang 

 or chimpanzee, whose near relationship to man is 

 to-day firmly established. 



Why in the only two recorded cases of grafts of 

 monkey glands on human beings, men suffering 

 from a deficiency of the thyroid hormone were se- 

 lected is not clear. It is possible that no aged men 

 willing to be experimented on with testicular ex- 

 tracts were just then on hand; neither is it easy to 

 obtain monkeys whenever you need them. 



"There is no question," writes Dr. Nagel, "that 

 Voronoff had a great idea and that operations ac- 

 cording to his theory were temporarily encourag- 

 ing. They do not, however, last. As 'soon as the 

 gland that has been transplanted has been absorbed 

 by the body, the subject of the experiment returns 

 to- his original condition. 



"In Steinach's operation this is not the case. 

 He does not transplant. He merely ties off the 

 offending gland, the inert part is absorbed by the 

 body, and a new one is grown by nature in place 

 of the old, useless one. 



"What does a gardener do when he wants to in- 



