154 GLANDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 



parathyroid is an independent organ, and that it 

 and the thyroid may be regarded as displaying re- 

 ciprocating actions. 



(E) and adrenals. The work of Cannon and 

 others tends to show that these two stimulate one 

 another's activity. Hyperthyroidism, such as is 

 found in Graves's disease, is said to increase the 

 adrenaline in the blood, and hypothyroidism les- 

 sens the activity of the adrenals. The adrenals 

 stimulate the production of sugar from glycogen, 

 and it is supposed that the thyroid also acts in this 

 way (see Fig. 2) . This view advanced by Eppinger 

 and his associates in Vienna, is based on experi- 

 ments which show that the removal of the thyroid 

 makes adrenaline less effective in bringing about 

 glycosuria. Professor Underbill, of Yale, disagrees 

 with this view. We shall see in a subsequent chap- 

 ter (p. 165) that Professor Stewart, of Western 

 Eeserve University, has also quite a number of 

 criticisms to offer. 



) and pancreas. We have many conflicting 

 theories. It has been said that the diabetes pro- 

 duced in an animal by removing its pancreas, can 

 be prevented by also removing its thyroid. If this 

 unlikely view is correct, then the two glands show 

 reciprocal actions. 



Adrenals (A) and thyroid. See latter. 

 J(B) and pancreas. Conflicting. Kemoval of 

 the pancreas produces sugar in the urine (glyco- 



