92 



GLEANINGS FROM NATURE. 



those which have no rays, but which have all the 

 flowers of the head alike, are said to be " discoid." 



Pre-eminent among the latter group, on account of 

 their size, abundance and hardiness, are the plants 

 known as iron-weeds two species of which Verno- 

 nia fasciculata Mich., and Vernonia noveboracensis (L.), 



Fig. 23 Iron-weed. (After Britton.) 



are found in Indiana. However, the two are so nearly 

 alike that none but the practical botanist can dis- 

 tinguish them, and hence they will be spoken of in this 

 connection as one. 



In the latter part of August, 1887, I spent a day in 

 a large woodland pasture in central Indiana. The 



