TEN INDIANA CAVES. 151 



work at the spot was satisfactory and of a character 

 never noticed and studied before the discovery of the 

 site." 



These constituted the recorded observations of the 

 quarry up to the time of my first visit in July, 1896. 

 It was then noted that the quantity of spalls arid 

 flakes of the material thrown over the side of the 

 hill was very great, and that no digging had been 

 done to discover the nature or thickness of the debris 

 on- top of the hill, nor to more fully 

 verify the statement that the work 

 had been done by Indians. My time 

 being limited, no excavations were made at this 

 visit, but on a subsequent one, in November, 1896, I 

 secured the services of a workman and shovels and 

 again visited the place. Careful measurements 

 showed that above the debris a space eight feet long, 

 six feet high and five feet wide, or 240 cubic feet, had 

 been quarried from the column. The top of the hill 

 on which the column rests was found to be covered 

 with an area 14 feet square of the debris, and through 

 this, close alongside the base of the column, a trench 

 was dug, eight feet long, three feet wide, and to the 

 solid stalagmite beneath. It averaged four feet three 

 inches in depth i. e., at that point the debris or 

 pieces of quarried material and other matter was 

 that thick. A perpendicular section through this 

 trench disclosed the following layers: 



1. Ashes in a compressed, damp bed, with occasional 



flakes of stalagmite intermingled 14.0 inches. 



2. Charcoal 1.0 inch. 



3. Ashes, with flakes of rock . . 3.5 inches. 



