TEN INDIANA CAVES. 158 



In October, 1898, I visited the quarry for the third 

 time, and dug in the debris for several hours. Eight 

 additional bowlders of quartzose and many pieces of 

 horn, crumbling bone and baked clay, were brought 

 to light. Five wedge-shaped pieces of rock, one of 

 flint, the others of limestone, were also found among 

 the flakes of stalagmite. These had irregular notches 

 in their edges showing that they, together with the 

 horns found in the debris, were most probably used as 

 wedges to pry loose the pieces of satin-spar after the 

 latter had been cracked by the stone hammers. Such 

 horns and wedges of stone have been found in a 

 number of caves in Europe, where, ages ago, they 

 were put to similar use. 



A large quantity of wood must have been necessary 

 to have produced such a bed of ashes as was found. 

 The carrying this in over the seventeen rough hills 

 and through narrow passes, through which one has 

 to crawl and where more than a candle is a burden to 

 the ordinary visitor, must have entailed a vast amount 

 of labor and leads one to suppose that the material 

 sought was used for a purpose deemed especially val- 

 uable. What that purpose was I have not yet been 

 able to ascertain, there being few objects made of 

 stalagmite among the "Indian relics" in any collec- 

 tion or museum in the United States. 



Down the sides of the Pillar of the Constitution 

 tiny streams of water are constantly trickling, and, 

 spreading out upon the top of the hill, quickly evap- 

 orate, leaving behind their solid particles to make 

 thicker the crust of so-called " alabaster" which covers 

 the rough edges of the mass of rocks. This action 



