84 THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



contained the announcement of the grant of a Charter, and the 

 text of the document is given. The objects of the Society are 

 therein defined as " the advancement of Zoology and Animal 

 Physiology * and the introduction of new and curious subjects of 

 the Animal Kingdom." t The Marquess of Lansdowne, Joseph 

 Sabine, and Nicholas Ay 1 ward Vigors were confirmed in their 

 respective offices of President, Treasurer, and Secretary till April 

 29, 1829, which date, or as near thereto as conveniently might 

 be, was fixed for the Annual Meeting in successive years. From 

 this period the Members became Fellows. The Council ap- 

 pointed Mr. Rees Assistant Secretary, and Mr. Alexander Miller 

 replaced Mr. E. A. Johnson as Superintendent of the Gardens. 



Cross renewed his application to the Council that they 

 should purchase his animals, and though an offer for part of 

 them was made it was not accepted by the owner, who wanted 

 to dispose of the whole. Barron Field wrote to Swainson on 

 January 21 that Cross had received notice to quit Exeter 'Change 

 in a month, "so that he must come down to the terms of the 

 Zoological Society, and thus will be made a great addition to 

 their menagerie." Cross, however, did not agree; and the 

 negotiations came to an end. If one may judge from the 

 Address to the Reader prefixed to his " Companion to the Royal 

 Menagerie," published in 1820, Cross took himself very seriously,. 

 and, of course, had great experience with animals in confinement. 

 He was, however, essentially a "showman," and even if the 

 arrangement had been brought about it may be doubted if he 

 would have been a good manager for an establishment where 

 the presence of the general public was suffered rather than 

 encouraged. 



A good deal was written about the sj^stem of requiring 

 visitors, not personally introduced, to obtain an order from a 

 Fellow as a condition of admittance on payment. In a curious 



* The study of the living organism, though, from the nature of the case, without 

 reference to its hearing on evolution. 



t As was pointed out hy Sir "William Flower in his Juhilee Address, this meant 

 not only the temporary introduction of individuals for the purpose of satisfying 

 curiosity about their external characters and structure, but also the permanent 

 domestication of foreign animals which might become of value to man, either for 

 their utility in adding to our food supplies or for the pleasure they afford by 

 their beauty. 



