56 



Proceedings of the Roi/al frish Academ//. 



ihey occur irregularly over the coenenchyma. The verrucae, when expanded, 

 are cylindrical, and either stand perpendicularly or are inclined upwards to 

 the stem ; when contracted they are low and dome-like. The spicules are 

 very minute, and are distinctly prickly in appearance (fig. 23). The following 

 types may be distinguished : — 



(a) Slender clubs, with a distinct smooth middle portion, surmounted by 



a spiny head, only slightly thicker than the constriction. 



(b) Short, stumpy clubs, much broader in proportion to their length, and 



with the spines slightly more divaricate. 



(c) Douhle wheels, with an elongated hub. 



(d) Elongated forms, with a distinct smooth constriction, which may be 



conveniently termed double spiiidles. 



(e) Occasional qnudriradiafes. 

 if) Needles in the anthocodiae. 



The following may be taken as typical measurements in millimetres as 

 they occur in all the specimens so far known : — 



Vermilion-red. 



Orange-red, with tips of the verrucae yellow. 



Pale brick-red. 

 Localities. — Hyalonema-ground, off Japan, 345 fms. (Wright and Studer). 

 Andamans, 120 fms. (Thomson and Henderson). 

 Andamans, „ (Thomson and Simpson). 

 Andamans, „ (as stated above), 



